تنقيح المرحلة 4 (2021-2030)
قدمت المفوضية الأوروبية في يوليو 2018 اقتراحا تشريعيا لمراجعة نظام تداول الانبعاثات في الاتحاد الأوروبي (إتس) للفترة بعد عام 2020.
هذه هي الخطوة الأولى في تحقيق هدف الاتحاد الأوروبي للحد من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة بنسبة 40٪ على الأقل محليا بحلول عام 2030 بما يتماشى مع إطار سياسة المناخ والطاقة لعام 2030 وكجزء من مساهمته في اتفاق باريس.
زيادة وتيرة خفض الانبعاثات.
ولتحقيق هدف الاتحاد الأوروبي بنسبة 40٪ على الأقل، يتعين على القطاعات التي تغطيها إتس خفض انبعاثاتها بنسبة 43٪ مقارنة بعام 2005.
ولهذه الغاية، سينخفض العدد الإجمالي لبدلات الانبعاثات بمعدل سنوي قدره 2.2٪ اعتبارا من عام 2021 فصاعدا، مقارنة بنسبة 1.74٪ حاليا.
وهذا يمثل خفضا إضافيا للانبعاثات في القطاعات التي تغطيها إتس حوالي 556 مليون طن على مدى العقد - أي ما يعادل الانبعاثات السنوية للمملكة المتحدة.
أفضل استهداف قواعد تسرب الكربون.
ويضع المقترح أيضا قواعد يمكن التنبؤ بها وقوية ونزيهة للتصدي لخطر تسرب الكربون.
إعادة النظر في نظام التوزيع المجاني للتركيز على القطاعات الأكثر عرضة لخطر نقل إنتاجها خارج الاتحاد الأوروبي - حوالي 50 قطاعا في المجموع عدد كبير من البدلات المجانية المخصصة للمنشآت الجديدة والمتنامية قواعد أكثر مرونة لتحسين مواءمة مبلغ البدلات المجانية مع أرقام الإنتاج تحديث للمعايير التي تعكس التقدم التكنولوجي منذ عام 2008.
ومن المتوقع تخصيص حوالي 6.3 بلايين من البدلات مجانا للشركات خلال الفترة 2021-2030.
تمويل الابتكار منخفض الكربون وتحديث قطاع الطاقة.
وسيتم إنشاء العديد من آليات الدعم لمساعدة الصناعة وقطاعات الطاقة على مواجهة تحديات الابتكار والاستثمار في الانتقال إلى اقتصاد منخفض الكربون.
وهي تشمل صندوقين جديدين:
صندوق االبتكار - توسيع نطاق الدعم القائم من أجل إظهار التكنولوجيات المبتكرة لتحقيق االبتكار في صندوق التحديث الصناعي - تسهيل االستثمارات في تحديث قطاع الطاقة وأنظمة الطاقة األوسع وتعزيز كفاءة الطاقة في 10 دول أعضاء منخفضة الدخل.
وستظل البدلات المجانية متاحة أيضا لتحديث قطاع الطاقة في هذه الدول الأعضاء ذات الدخل المنخفض.
مدخلات أصحاب المصلحة.
وشارك أصحاب المصلحة في مراحل مختلفة في تطوير هذا الاقتراح.
وأجريت مشاورات واسعة النطاق في عام 2018، بما في ذلك.
وعقب هذه المشاورات وتحليل أهداف سياسة المناخ للاتحاد الأوروبي لعام 2030، أجرت اللجنة تقييما للأثر.
وقدم الاقتراح التشريعي إلى البرلمان الأوروبي والمجلس واللجنة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ولجنة الأقاليم لمواصلة النظر فيه بموجب الإجراء التشريعي العادي.
وكان للجمهور إمكانية تقديم تعليقات بشأن الاقتراح التشريعي بعد اعتماده من قبل المفوضية الأوروبية. ووردت ردود فعل من 85 من أصحاب المصلحة وقدم موجز إلى البرلمان الأوروبي والمجلس الأوروبي.
سقف الانبعاثات والبدلات.
إن الحجم الكلي لغازات الدفيئة التي يمكن أن تنبعث من محطات توليد الطاقة والمصانع والمنشآت الثابتة األخرى التي يغطيها نظام االتحاد األوروبي لتنبؤ االنبعاثات) إتس (يقتصر على "سقف" على عدد بدالت االنبعاثات. وينطبق سقف منفصل على قطاع الطيران. وفي إطار هذه الأغطية على نطاق أوروبا، تتلقى الشركات أو تشتري بدلات الانبعاثات التي يمكن أن تتاجر بها حسب الحاجة.
كل بدل يعطي صاحب الحق الحق في انبعاث.
طن واحد من ثاني أكسيد الكربون (ثاني أكسيد الكربون)، أو الغازات المسببة للاحتباس الحراري الرئيسي، أو ما يعادله من غازات الدفيئة القوية، وأكسيد النيتروز (N 2 O)، ومركبات الكربون البيرفلورية.
ويتم تخصيص بعض البدلات أو مزاد علني خصيصا لمشغلي الطيران. ويمكن أن تستخدم الخطوط الجوية أي بدلات لأغراض الامتثال، ولكن المنشآت الثابتة لا يمكنها استخدام بدلات الطيران.
كاب للمنشآت الثابتة ينخفض كل عام.
وحدد سقف عام 2018 للانبعاثات الناجمة عن المنشآت الثابتة ب 2،084،301،856 بدل. خلال المرحلة الثالثة من إتس إتس (2018-2020)، ينخفض هذا الحد كل عام بعامل تخفيض خطي بنسبة 1.74٪ من إجمالي الكمية الإجمالية للبدلات الصادرة سنويا في 2008-2018. ويمثل هذا انخفاضا قدره 38،264،246 بدلات سنويا.
ويحدد عامل التخفيض الخطي وتيرة التخفيضات في الانبعاثات في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي. وهي ميزة بدون تاريخ انتهاء، وبالتالي فهي تعطي المستثمرين اليقين بشأن العائد على الاستثمار في تخفيضات الانبعاثات.
وبفضل الانخفاض، فإن عدد البدلات التي يمكن أن تستخدمها المنشآت الثابتة لتغطية الانبعاثات سيكون أقل بنسبة 21 في المائة في عام 2020 عما كان عليه في عام 2005.
ولتحقيق هدف خفض انبعاثات الاتحاد الأوروبي بنسبة 40٪ بحلول عام 2030 مقارنة بعام 1990، الذي اتفق عليه قادة الاتحاد الأوروبي كجزء من إطار المناخ والطاقة لعام 2030، سيتعين تخفيض الحد الأقصى بنسبة 2.2٪ سنويا اعتبارا من عام 2021.
ومن شأن ذلك أن يقلل الانبعاثات من المنشآت الثابتة إلى حوالي 43 في المائة عن مستويات عام 2005 بحلول عام 2030. وبحلول عام 2050، ستخفض الانبعاثات بنحو 90٪ مقارنة بعام 2005.
وقد حدد سقف الطيران 210 مليون بدل للفترة 2018-2020.
ويبقى سقف قطاع الطيران كما هو في كل سنة من فترة التداول 2018-2020.
وحدد الحد الأقصى مؤقتا لبدلات الطيران البالغة 264 349 210 دولارا في السنة، وهو ما يقل بنسبة 5 في المائة عن متوسط المستوى السنوي لانبعاثات الطيران في الفترة الأساسية 2004-2006.
وسيجري تعديل الحد الأقصى ليشمل أنشطة الطيران الإضافية الناشئة عن الاندماج الكامل لكرواتيا في الجزء المتعلق بالطيران من النظام الأوروبي للاتصالات الراديوية في 1 كانون الثاني / يناير 2018.
وثائق مفيدة.
افتح جميع الأسئلة.
تداول االنبعاثات: أسئلة وأجوبة بشأن قرار الهيئة الثاني بشأن الحد األوروبي لالتصاالت األوروبية) إتس (لعام 2018) أكتوبر 2018 (،
ما هو سقف إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي ولماذا يلزم خطوتين لتعيينه؟
وقيمة االتحاد األوروبي لتكنولوجيا االنبعاثات هو إجمالي مبلغ بدالت االنبعاثات التي ستصدر لسنة معينة بموجب نظام االتحاد األوروبي لتداول االنبعاثات. وبما أن كل بدل يمثل الحق في انبعاث طن واحد من ثاني أكسيد الكربون - أو كمية غازات الدفيئة الأخرى التي تعطي نفس المساهمة في الاحترار العالمي كطن واحد من ثاني أكسيد الكربون - فإن العدد الإجمالي للبدلات، أي "الحد الأقصى"، يحدد الحد الأقصى كمية الانبعاثات المحتملة بموجب إتس الاتحاد الأوروبي.
وفي يوليو / تموز 2018، اعتمدت اللجنة قرارا يحدد الحد الأقصى لعام 2018 استنادا إلى النطاق الحالي للاتحاد الأوروبي للإنبعاثات، أي المنشآت المشمولة في الفترة 2008-2018. ويأخذ القرار الثاني، الذي اعتمد اليوم، في اعتباره النطاق الموسع للاتحاد الأوروبي للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية اعتبارا من عام 2018.
ما هي القطاعات والغازات الجديدة التي يغطيها النطاق الموسع؟
ويغطي الاتحاد الأوروبي للإنذار المبكر المنشآت التي تؤدي أنشطة محددة. ومنذ إطلاقه في عام 2005، غطى النظام، فوق عتبات القدرة، ومحطات توليد الكهرباء وغيرها من محطات الاحتراق، ومصافي النفط، وأفران الكوك، ومحطات الحديد والصلب، والمنشآت المنتجة للأسمنت والزجاج والجير والطوب والسيراميك ولب الورق والورق . أما بالنسبة لغازات الاحتباس الحراري، فإنها لا تغطي حاليا سوى انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون، باستثناء هولندا والنمسا اللتان اختارت إدراج انبعاثات من انبعاثات أكسيد النيتروز (نتروز) من بعض المنشآت المحددة.
اعتبارا من عام 2018، سيتم توسيع نطاق إتس لتشمل قطاعات أخرى وغازات الدفيئة. وسيشمل ذلك، في جملة أمور، المزيد من انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون من منشآت إنتاج المواد الكيميائية العضوية السائبة والهيدروجين والأمونيا والألمنيوم، وكذلك انبعاثات أكسيد النيتروز من إنتاج إنتاج النيتريك والأديبيك وحمض الغليوكاليك والكربون المشبع بالفلور من قطاع الألمنيوم. وستدرج المنشآت التي تؤدي أنشطة تؤدي إلى هذه الانبعاثات في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي اعتبارا من عام 2018.
ما هو الحد الأقصى لعام 2018 وكيف تم تحديده؟
تم تحديد الحد الأقصى لعام 2018 على 2،084،301،856 علاوات ..
ويستند هذا الرقم إلى خطط التخصيص الوطنية للدول الأعضاء للفترة من 2008 إلى 2018، ولكنه يأخذ في الاعتبار أيضا النطاق الموسع ل إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي اعتبارا من عام 2018 وكذلك المنشآت التي اختارتها الدول الأعضاء للنظام من عام 2008 وتتألف من العناصر التالية:
مقدار البدلات على نطاق الاتحاد التي أصدرتها الدول الأعضاء وفقا لقرارات اللجنة بشأن خطط التخصيص الوطنية للدول الأعضاء للفترة من 2008 إلى 2018. ويصل هذا المبلغ إلى 1،976،784،044 في عام 2018. وبلغ متوسط الكميات السنوية من البدلات قد صدرت عن الدول الأعضاء للمنشآت التي "اختارت" الدول الأعضاء في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي. ويصل هذا المبلغ إلى 678 678 2 شخصا. كمية البدلات التي تأخذ في الاعتبار تأثير النطاق الموسع ل إتس الاتحاد الأوروبي، أي المنشآت التي سيتم تضمينها اعتبارا من عام 2018. وهذا يتعلق المنشآت التي تنبعث منها غازات الدفيئة التالية: انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون من البتروكيماويات والأمونيا والألومنيوم، انبعاثات أكسيد النيتروز من إنتاج إنتاج النيتريك والأديبيك وحامض الغليوكاليك والكربون المشبع بالفلور من قطاع الألمنيوم.
ومن هذه الكمية، يتعين خصم كمية البدلات التي تمثل أثر المنشآت التي اختارت من الاتحاد الأوروبي للإنفاق على التجارة الإلكترونية. وكان المبلغ المقابل المخصوم هو 4 751 898.
وبما أن الحد الأقصى لعام 2018 يحسب من منتصف الفترة من 2008 إلى 2018، أي 2018، كان لا بد من تطبيق عامل التخفيض الخطي بنسبة 1.74٪ (بالأرقام المطلقة: 38،264،246 بدلات) ثلاث مرات (2018 و 2018 و 2018) من أجل الوصول إلى مجموع البدلات المطلقة على نطاق الاتحاد (الحد الأقصى) لعام 2018، أي 2،084،301،856 بدل.
كيف تم تحديد مختلف الأرقام على مستوى 2018؟
وقد وضع الرقم الذي يمثل كمية البدلات التي ستصدر وفقا لخطط التخصيص الوطنية بتطبيق نفس المنهجية المستخدمة في قرار اللجنة الصادر في تموز / يوليه [2]. ويعني ذلك أساسا أن الكمية الإجمالية المتاحة فعليا في الفترة من 2008 إلى 2018 قد أضيفت وقسمت إلى خمسة. ومع ذلك، وكما هو مبين في هذا القرار، تم أخذ معلومات إضافية في الاعتبار، تتعلق أساسا بالوافدين الجدد والمنشآت المغلقة. ونتيجة لذلك، فإن الأرقام المناظرة الآن أعلى قليلا من تلك المشار إليها في قرار تموز / يوليه.
وقد تم تحديد الرقم الذي يمثل أثر عمليات التمكين بطريقة مماثلة للشكل الوارد أعلاه، أي أنه تم حساب المتوسط السنوي ذي الصلة لعام 2018 بإضافة المبلغ الإجمالي للبدلات التي تم اختيارها للفترة من 2008 إلى 2018، وتقسيمها من قبل عدد من السنوات ذات الصلة.
وبغية تحديد كمية البدلات التي يتعين تعديل الحد الأقصى لها لكي تعكس النطاق الموسع للاتحاد الأوروبي للاتصالات المتكاملة اعتبارا من عام 2018، كان على الدول الأعضاء أن تضمن أن مشغلي المنشآت الذين يقومون بأنشطة ستدرج في الاتحاد الأوروبي قدمت إتس فقط اعتبارا من 2018 فصاعدا بيانات مدعمة بالأدلة وموثقة بشكل مستقل.
وكان على الدول الأعضاء إخطار اللجنة بالبيانات المدعمة بالأدلة على النحو الواجب بحلول 30 حزيران / يونيه 2018. وتغطي البيانات المبلغ عنها إلى اللجنة سنوات مختلفة من الانبعاثات التي تم التحقق منها، وبالتالي فهي ليست قابلة للمقارنة بسهولة. واضطرت اللجنة إلى وضع نهج يهدف إلى توفير فرص متكافئة لجميع المنشآت المدرجة في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي اعتبارا من عام 2018. وتحقيقا لهذه الغاية ولأغراض تحديد البدلات على نطاق الاتحاد لعام 2018، افترضت اللجنة أن المنشآت المزمع إدراجها اعتبارا من عام 2018 قد اضطلعت بنفس المستوى من جهود خفض الانبعاثات حيث أن تلك المنشآت قد أدرجت بالفعل قبل عام 2018. ولهذا السبب تم تطبيق عامل التخفيض الخطي البالغ 1.74٪ على متوسط الرقم السنوي من منتصف الفترة المشمولة ببيانات الانبعاثات التي تم التحقق منها والتي تبلغها كل دولة عضو. وستمثل النتيجة مستوى الانبعاثات في عام 2018، إذا كانت المنشآت المعنية قد أدرجت بالفعل في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي.
كيف تم جمع بيانات الانبعاثات للقطاعات والغازات الجديدة؟
وقد جمعت الدول الأعضاء البيانات اللازمة من المنشآت التي تؤدي أنشطة ستدرج في إتس في الاتحاد الأوروبي اعتبارا من عام 2018. ويجب التحقق من هذه البيانات بشكل مستقل قبل أن يقدمها مشغلو المنشآت ذات الصلة إلى السلطات المختصة في الدول الأعضاء المعنية الذي كان الموعد النهائي هو 30 نيسان / أبريل 2018). وحيثما وجدت الدول الأعضاء أن هذه البيانات مدعمة بالأدلة على النحو الواجب، يمكنها إخطارها باللجنة بحلول 30 حزيران / يونيه 2018. وبناء على هذه الإخطارات، أخذت اللجنة في الاعتبار النطاق الموسع للاتحاد الأوروبي للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية اعتبارا من عام 2018.
هل سقف 2018 نهائي؟
في الممارسة العملية وإلى حد كبير نعم. ومع ذلك، من المرجح أن تكون هناك حاجة إلى تعديل هامشي مع مرور الوقت، للأسباب المحتملة التالية:
وقبل نهاية عام 2018، قد يدخل عدد أكبر من الداخلين الجدد السوق التي تطلب علاوات من احتياطيات بعض الدول الأعضاء الجدد التي لا يمكن أخذها في الاعتبار عند حساب الحد الأقصى حتى الآن. ولم تؤخذ هذه الاحتياطيات في الحسبان إما لأن الدولة العضو قررت عدم البيع أو بدلات المزاد التي لم توزع على الوافدين الجدد بحلول نهاية عام 2018 أو لأنها لم تقرر بعد ما إذا كان يتعين بيعها أو مزادتها البدلات. ولم تؤخذ في الاعتبار حتى الآن سوى احتياطيات الدول الأعضاء الجديدة التي قررت بيع هذه المزادات أو مزادها. وقد لا تتحقق مشاريع خفض الانبعاثات المخططة بموجب آلية التنفيذ المشترك لبروتوكول كيوتو (أو في بعض الحالات في إطار آلية التنمية النظيفة)، وبالتالي قد لا تسفر عن ائتمانات يمكن استخدامها لتعويض الانبعاثات في إتس الأوروبي. ولهذا السبب، يجوز تخصيص البدلات من ما يسمى ب "الجماعة الإسلامية" جانبا؛ وقد لا تزال الدول الأعضاء "تشترك" في منشآت الاتحاد الأوروبي لخدمات التجارة الإلكترونية والأنشطة التي لا يغطيها نطاق التوجيه؛ ويجوز للدول الأعضاء أن تستبعد في فترة التداول الثالثة بعض المنشآت الصغيرة المحددة إذا ما وضعت تدابير مماثلة. وبما أنه لن يتم إخطار اللجنة بأي تدابير مقابلة قبل نهاية سبتمبر 2018، فإنه لا يمكن أخذها في الاعتبار في هذا القرار.
ولھذه الأسباب، قد لا تکون الأرقام النھائیة لحد 2018 م متاحة قبل عام 2018. ولکن، من أجل إبقاء الجمھور علی علم بذلك، ستقوم اللجنة بتحديث الأرقام في عام 2018 أو في وقت لاحق. وينبغي ألا تؤدي هذه التحديثات إلا إلى تغييرات هامشية في الكمية الإجمالية للبدلات المتاحة اعتبارا من عام 2018 فصاعدا.
ماذا سيحدث للحد الأقصى بعد عام 2018؟
وسينخفض الحد الأقصى سنويا بنسبة 1.74٪ من متوسط الكمية الإجمالية السنوية للبدلات الصادرة عن الدول الأعضاء في الفترة 2008-2018. ويعني ذلك من الناحية المطلقة أن عدد البدلات سيخفض سنويا بمقدار 387 435 37. وسيستمر هذا التخفيض السنوي إلى ما بعد عام 2020 ولكن قد يخضع للتنقيح في موعد أقصاه عام 2025.
ماذا يحدث إذا زاد الاتحاد الأوروبي من هدفه للحد من غازات الدفيئة لعام 2020 من 20٪ إلى 30٪؟
وإذا قرر الاتحاد الأوروبي الانتقال إلى هدف خفض بنسبة 30٪، فسيتعين تعديل الحد الأقصى. ويعكس قرار اليوم هدف التخفيض بنسبة 20 في المائة عن مستويات عام 1990 على النحو المنصوص عليه في التشريع الحالي. وهذا يترجم إلى خفض بنسبة 21٪ في الانبعاثات من المنشآت في إتس الاتحاد الأوروبي بحلول عام 2020 مقارنة بمستويات عام 2005.
هل يتضمن الطيران القرار؟
الطيران غير مدرج في هذا القرار. وسيتم تحديد الحد الأقصى الذي سيتم تخصيصه لمشغلي الطائرات بقرار منفصل من اللجنة، على النحو المطلوب في التشريع [3] والذي سيجلب الطيران إلى إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي اعتبارا من عام 2018.
يونيون ريجيستري.
یعمل سجل الاتحاد علی ضمان المحاسبة الدقیقة لجمیع البدلات الصادرة بموجب نظام تداول الانبعاثات للاتحاد الأوروبي (إتس). ويحتفظ السجل بملكية المخصصات المحتفظ بها في الحسابات الإلكترونية، مثلما يوجد لدى البنك سجل بجميع عملائه وأموالهم.
سجل واحد للاتحاد الأوروبي.
وبعد مراجعة توجيهات إتس في عام 2009، كانت عمليات إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي في عام 2018 مركزية في سجل واحد للاتحاد الأوروبي تديره المفوضية الأوروبية. ويغطي سجل الاتحاد جميع البلدان ال 31 المشاركة في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي.
وسجل الاتحاد هو قاعدة بيانات إلكترونية تحمل حسابات المنشآت الثابتة (المنقولة من السجلات الوطنية المستخدمة قبل عام 2018) ولمشغلي الطائرات (المدرجة في نظام إتس الأوروبي منذ كانون الثاني / يناير 2018).
سجلات السجل:
تدابير التنفيذ الوطنية (قائمة بالمنشآت التي يشملها توجيه إتس في كل بلد من بلدان الاتحاد الأوروبي وأي تخصيص مجاني لكل من هذه المنشآت في الفترة 2018-2020) حسابات الشركات أو الأفراد الذين يحملون هذه البدلات تم إجراء تحويلات البدلات ("المعاملات") من قبل أصحاب الحسابات انبعاثات ثاني أآسيد الكربون التي تم التحقق منها سنويا من منشآت المنشآت والطائرات التسوية السنوية للبدلات والانبعاثات المتحقق منها، حيث يتعين على آل شركة أن تسلم بدلات آافية لتغطية جميع الانبعاثات التي تم التحقق منها.
فتح الحسابات في سجل الاتحاد.
للمشاركة في إتس الاتحاد الأوروبي، الشركات أو الأفراد لديهم لفتح حساب في سجل الاتحاد.
لفتح حساب، يجب عليهم إرسال طلب إلى المسؤول الوطني، الذي يقوم بجمع وفحص جميع الوثائق الداعمة.
سجل معاملات الاتحاد الأوروبي.
يقوم سجل معاملات الاتحاد الأوروبي (يوتل) بفحص جميع المعاملات بين الحسابات في سجل الاتحاد وسجلاتها وتفويضها تلقائيا. هذا يضمن أن جميع عمليات النقل تتوافق مع قواعد الاتحاد الأوروبي إتس.
و يوتل هو خلف لسجل المعاملات المستقلة المجتمعية (سيتل)، الذي كان له دور مماثل قبل إدخال سجل الاتحاد.
المرحلة الثالثة (2018-2020)
نظام السجل.
الرسوم التي تفرضها الدول الأعضاء على الحسابات في سجل الاتحاد.
بلجيكا وبلغاريا والجمهورية التشيكية والدانمرك وألمانيا وإستونيا وأيرلندا واليونان وإسبانيا وفرنسا وكرواتيا وإيطاليا ولاتفيا وليتوانيا والمجر وهولندا والنمسا وبولندا والبرتغال ورومانيا وسلوفينيا وسلوفاكيا وفنلندا حتى نهاية 2018: 2018 فصاعدا: السويد، المملكة المتحدة، أيسلندا، ليختنشتاين، النرويج.
متنوع.
02/05/2017 - بيانات الإمتثال لعام 2018 03/04/2017 - جدول مصحح لانبعاثات عام 2018 التي تم التحقق منها 02/05/2018 - بيانات الامتثال لعام 2018 01/04/2018 - نتائج التحقق لعام 2018 04/05/2018 - بيانات الامتثال لعام 2018 01/04/2018 - نتائج التحقق لعام 2018 15/05/2018 - بيانات الإمتثال لعام 2018 14/05/2018 - المبالغ المتبادلة في 30 أبريل 2018 01/04/2018 - انبعاثات التحقق لعام 2018.
المرحلة الثانية (2008-2018)
جداول خطة التخصيص الوطنية.
خطة التخصيص الوطنية جدول القرارات 2008-12: إسبانيا، إستونيا، ألمانيا، إيطاليا، البرتغال، بلجيكا، بلغاريا، الجمهورية التشيكية، الدانمرك، سلوفاكيا، قبرص، لاتفيا، ليختنشتاين، النرويج، بولندا، البرتغال، رومانيا، سلوفاكيا، سلوفينيا، إسبانيا، السويد، المملكة المتحدة 08-12 الجداول الأولية لخطة العمل الوطنية (يمكن تحميل الحالة المستكملة من سيتل): النمسا، بلجيكا، الجمهورية التشيكية، الدنمارك، إستونيا وفنلندا وفرنسا واليونان وألمانيا وهنغاريا وإيطاليا وأيرلندا ولاتفيا وليتوانيا ولوكسمبورغ ومالطة وهولندا وبولندا والبرتغال ورومانيا وسلوفينيا وإسبانيا والسويد والمملكة المتحدة.
16/05/2018 - وحدات خفض الانبعاثات المعتمدة ووحدات خفض الانبعاثات التي تم تسليمها بموجب بيانات الامتثال التراكمي للاتحاد الأوروبي إتس 2008 إلى 2018 02/04/2018 - بيانات انبعاثات التحقق من 2008 إلى 2018.
تقارير سيف.
متنوع.
نشرة حقائق: الاتحاد الأوروبي إتس يسلم تخفيضات الانبعاثات 07/10/2018 - الاتحاد الأوروبي 920/2018 - لائحة المفوضية إنشاء السجل الاتحادي للفترات المنتهية في 31 ديسمبر 2018 من مخطط الاتحاد الانبعاثات الانبعاثات وفقا للتوجيه 2003/87 / إيك الأوروبي مجلس النواب والمجلس والقرار رقم 280/2004 / إيك للبرلمان الأوروبي والمجلس - (إن نسخة موحدة غير رسمية) جدول عقد أنواع الوحدات في إتس لكل دولة عضو 19/03/2018 - قائمة وحدات خفض الانبعاثات المعتمدة التي تم تسليمها بموجب قائمة الاتحاد الأوروبي للمعاملات الثابتة في سجل الاتحاد الأوروبي.
المرحلة الأولى (2005-2007)
جداول خطة التخصيص الوطنية.
خطة التخصيص الوطنية جدول القرارات 2005-2007: النمسا، قبرص، الجمهورية التشيكية، الدنمارك، إستونيا، فنلندا، اليونان، هنغاريا، ايرلندا، ايطاليا، لاتفيا، ليتوانيا، لوكسمبورغ، مالطا، هولندا، البرتغال، سلوفاكيا، سلوفينيا، المملكة المتحدة.
2007 تقارير وطنية عن البدائل التي تم التحقق منها والخصومات التي تم تسليمها: النمسا وبلجيكا وقبرص والجمهورية التشيكية والدانمرك واستونيا وفنلندا وفرنسا وألمانيا واليونان وهنغاريا وأيرلندا وإيطاليا ولاتفيا وليتوانيا ولكسمبرغ ومالطة وبولندا والبرتغال ورومانيا وسلوفاكيا وسلوفينيا وإسبانيا والسويد وهولندا والمملكة المتحدة 2006 تقارير وطنية عن الانبعاثات التي تم التحقق منها واستردادها اعتبارا من 8/5/2007: النمسا، بلجيكا، قبرص، الجمهورية التشيكية، الدنمارك، إستونيا، فنلندا، فرنسا، ألمانيا، اليونان، هنغاريا، ايرلندا، ايطاليا، لاتفيا، ليتوانيا، لوكسمبورغ، بولندا، البرتغال، سلوفاكيا، سلوفينيا، اسبانيا، السويد، هولندا، المملكة المتحدة 2005 تقارير وطنية عن الانبعاثات التي تم التحقق منها والاستسلام: النمسا، بلجيكا، الدنمارك، إستونيا، فنلندا ، ألمانيا، اليونان، هنغاريا، ايرلندا، ايطاليا، لاتفيا، ليتوانيا، البرتغال، سلوفينيا، اسبانيا، السويد، هولندا، المملكة المتحدة مذكرة فنية حول تقارير سيتل.
متنوع.
عرض الرسوم المتحركة يوضح كيف سيتل يعمل تداول الانبعاثات: الامتثال القوي في عام 2006، والانبعاثات فصلت عن النمو الاقتصادي 01/04/2018 - التحقق من الانبعاثات لعام 2018 أسئلة وأجوبة.
افتح جميع الأسئلة.
الأسئلة & أمب؛ إجابات على المتطلبات التقنية لاستخدام سجل الاتحاد.
ما هو أمان طبقة النقل (تلس)؟
تلس يضمن نقل البيانات الحساسة من خلال تشفير أنفاق الشبكة التي تتحرك المعلومات. وبعبارة أخرى، تلس هي الآلية التي تحمي سرية وسلامة جميع المعلومات التي يدخلها أولئك الذين يستخدمون سجل الاتحاد عن طريق متصفح الويب الخاص بهم.
لماذا أحتاج إلى استخدام تلس 1.2 لاستخدام سجل الاتحاد؟
تم تحديث تلس 1.2 لتحسين أمن العمليات في سجل الاتحاد. تم تعريف تلس 1.2 في عام 2008، وجميع متصفحات الويب الرئيسية تدعمها بشكل افتراضي. ومنذ عام 2018، حافظ سجل الاتحاد على توافقه مع الإصدارات السابقة من نظام إشارات النقل، ولكن منذ 15 أكتوبر 2018، لن تعمل الروابط مع الإصدارات القديمة.
كيف يمكنني التحقق من توافق مستعرض الويب مع تلس 1.2؟
تدعم جميع المتصفحات الأخيرة (كروم و فيريفوكس و إنترنيت إكسبلورر و سفاري) نظام تلس v1.2 بشكل افتراضي:
كروم، الإصدار 33 والإصدارات الأحدث من فايرفوكس، الإصدار 34 والإصدارات الأحدث من إنترنيت إكسبلورر، الإصدار 11 سفاري، الإصدار 7 والإصدارات الأحدث.
الأسئلة & أمب؛ إجابات عن تنفيذ قواعد السجل الجديدة فيما يتعلق بالوحدات من التنفيذ المشترك (02/2018)
أسئلة وأجوبة حول السجلات (05/2018)
ما هو دور السجلات في تجارة الانبعاثات؟
وتسجل سجالت نظام االتحاد األوروبي لتداول االنبعاثات) إتس (االحتفاظ ببدالت االنبعاثات، كما أن المعامالت المتعلقة بتلك البدالت، مثلما يفعل أي نظام مصرفي مقابل المال. أنواع المعاملات الرئيسية هي: إنشاء البدلات، والتخصيص المجاني، والمزاد العلني، والتداول، وتسليم بدلات الامتثال وحذفها. وتسجل السجلات أيضا المنشآت ومشغلي الطائرات الذين يسلمون بدلات لتغطية انبعاثاتهم التي تم التحقق منها.
لماذا تم تعديل لائحة السجلات في عام 2018؟
وفي الاتحاد الأوروبي للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية، يتم استبدال إمكانية استخدام الائتمانات الدولية مباشرة، التي كانت مفتوحة للمشغلين في فترة التداول الثانية، في فترة التداول الثالثة عن طريق تبادل الائتمانات المؤهلة للبدلات. تم وضع آلية التبادل رسميا من قبل لائحة السجلات المحدثة.
وفيما يتعلق بالائتمانات الدولية التي تولدها مشاريع التنفيذ المشتركة (وحدات خفض الانبعاثات - وحدات خفض الانبعاثات)، وضعت أحكام لتنفيذ القواعد المبينة في توجيه إتس وبروتوكول كيوتو. لمزيد من التفاصيل، راجع الأسئلة الشائعة حول سوق الكربون الدولي.
وبعيدا عن إتس، تطبق لائحة السجلات محاسبة المعاملات بموجب قرار مشاركة الجهد في سجل الاتحاد.
متى اعتمدت اللائحة ومتى أصبحت قابلة للتطبيق؟
واعتمدت اللجنة اللائحة التنفيذية في 2 أيار / مايو 2018 ودخلت حيز النفاذ في اليوم التالي لنشرها في الجريدة الرسمية.
ما هي الإجراءات الأمنية التي يتم تنفيذها في السجل؟
وقد أصبح أمن السجلات أولوية نتيجة للاحتيال المتعلق ببدلات الانبعاثات في عامي 2018 و 2018. وفي أوائل عام 2018، اتخذت اللجنة إجراءات فورية بتعليق جميع السجلات الوطنية مؤقتا إلى أن تفي بمتطلبات الأمن الدنيا. واعتمدت تدابير إضافية في عام 2018 لجعل أمن سجل الاتحاد متماشيا مع أحدث التدابير الأمنية المستخدمة في القطاع المالي.
ويرد أدناه موجز للإجراءات الأمنية الرئيسية.
ماذا تعني تبعية البدلات؟ ماذا يحدث في حالة السرقة أو الإخلال بالعقد أو الإعسار؟
والسلع الجيدة أو السلع هي "قابلة للتبديل" عندما يمكن استبدال الوحدات الفردية بأي وحدة أخرى من نفس السلعة أو السلعة، مثل كيلوغرام من السكر. وتعني قابلية البدلات المنصوص عليها في اللائحة أن المطالبة - على سبيل المثال في حالة السرقة أو الإخلال بالعقد أو إعسار صاحب الحساب - لا يمكن أن توجه إلى بدل معين. ولا تستبعد هذه القاعدة المطالبة بنفس المبلغ من العلاوات أو الائتمانات من نفس النوع أو المطالبة بالتعويضات، على سبيل المثال. وبالتالي فإن المعاملات في سجل الاتحاد التي أصبحت نهائية هي بالتالي لا رجعة فيها ولا يمكن أن تكون غير مرغوب فيها.
هل تنسق اللائحة ملكية البدلات؟
لا، لا تنسق اللائحة ملكية البدلات. ومع ذلك، وبغض النظر عن أن البدلات قابلة للتبديل، فإنها تحمي أصحاب أو المشترين من البدلات التي هي بحسن نية. والواقع أن هؤلاء الأشخاص سيحصلون على الاستحقاق الكامل للبدل. ويترك القانون الوطني تفسير مصطلح "حسن النية".
هل يظهر الرقم التسلسلي للبدلات في السجل؟
وفي أوائل عام 2018، تم الكشف عن قوائم بالأرقام التسلسلية للبدلات المزعومة المسروقة. وقد تسبب ذلك في حدوث ارتباك في سوق الكربون، كما في بعض الولايات القضائية قد يتعين إعادة البدلات المسروقة التي يمكن تحديدها من خلال أرقامها التسلسلية، مما يجعل التداول أكثر خطورة. ولتجنب هذا الارتباك في المستقبل، تحظر اللائحة صراحة الكشف عن الأرقام التسلسلية للبدلات المسروقة. وعلاوة على ذلك، فإن الأرقام المسلسلة للبدلات في السجل الاتحادي الموحد لا تكون مرئية للمستعملين، بل هي فقط لمسؤولي السجلات الذين قد يقدمونها بناء على طلب السلطات الوطنية المختصة. وتستكمل هذه التدابير بتبديل البدلات وحماية المشتري بحسن نية. ويضمن ذلك معا إمكانية تعقب البدلات المسروقة والمحتالين المعنيين في نهاية المطاف لأغراض إجراء جنائي أو قانون مدني، ولكن على مستوى المستخدمين لا تتعطل التجارة.
وفي حالة وحدات كيوتو (مثل ائتمانات آلية التنمية النظيفة)، لا يتم عرض سوى الجزء الفريد من معرف هوية الوحدة: ستظل المعلومات المتعلقة بنوع الوحدة ورقم المشروع وما إلى ذلك مرئية.
كيف يتم التعامل مع وحدات كيوتو وحساباتها وعملياتها؟
وتضمن اللائحة أن يعمل سجل الاتحاد الأوروبي لخدمات تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات بسلاسة وبشكل مستقل عن القرارات المتخذة بشأن بروتوكول كيوتو. وحدات كيوتو فقط، والتي يمكن استخدامها للامتثال في إتس الاتحاد الأوروبي يمكن أن تعقد على حسابات إتس في سجل الاتحاد. وحدات كيوتو التي ليست مؤهلة في إتس يمكن أن تعقد على حسابات في سجلات كب الوطنية.
هل سيتم مراجعة اللائحة؟ ما هي العلاقة بالعمل على الرقابة على السوق؟
وقد يتعين إعادة النظر في اللائحة لكي تعكس نتائج العمل المتعلق بالإشراف على السوق وفي ضوء الخبرة المكتسبة من التدابير الأمنية.
أسئلة وأجوبة حول استخدام سجل الاتحاد لشركات الطيران (05/2018)
كيف يمكن لمشغلي الطائرات فتح حسابات في سجل الاتحاد؟
منذ 30 يناير 2018، يمكن لمشغلي الطائرات فتح الحسابات في سجل الاتحاد. يجب أن يتم التحقق من طلبات الحساب وجميع الوثائق الداعمة المطلوبة من قبل المدير الوطني المعني. ويستطيع مشغلو الطائرات الذين لديهم حساب مفتوح الحصول على مخصصات مجانية حسب ما تحدده الدولة العضو القائمة بالإدارة.
ما هي الخطوات الرئيسية لمشغلي الطائرات في دورة امتثال الاتحاد الأوروبي لمعايير الاتصالات الأوروبية؟
يجب على جميع مشغلي الطائرات التي يغطيها الاتحاد الأوروبي إتس فتح حساب في سجل الاتحاد. واستنادا إلى المعيار الذي نشرته اللجنة في أيلول / سبتمبر 2018، تحسب الدول الأعضاء مقدار البدلات التي ستخصص مجانا لكل مشغل من الطائرات وفقا للقواعد الواردة في توجيه الاتحاد الأوروبي بشأن التجارة الإلكترونية. وحصل مشغلو الطائرات الذين لديهم حساب مفتوح على الدفعة السنوية الأولى من العلاوات المجانية المودعة في حساب التسجيل الخاص بهم بحلول 28 شباط / فبراير 2018. وفي المجموع، سيتم تسليم ما يقرب من 181 مليون بدل طيران لشركات الطيران مجانا في 2018.
كما يتعين على مشغلي الطائرات التي يغطيها الاتحاد الأوروبي إتس إكمال عدد من الخطوات في السجل لضمان امتثالهم ل إتس الاتحاد الأوروبي. وتشمل هذه المتطلبات اشتراط إدخال انبعاثات مؤكدة في السجل بحلول 31 آذار / مارس من كل سنة بعد عام 2018 (على سبيل المثال، بحلول 31 آذار / مارس 2018، كان عليها أن تضمن تسجيل الانبعاثات المؤكدة لعام 2018 في سجل الاتحاد) وشرط التسليم بحلول 30 نيسان / أبريل كل عام عدد كاف من بدلات الطيران والبدلات العامة و / أو الائتمانات الدولية لتغطية انبعاثاتها من السنة (السنوات السابقة) (على سبيل المثال، بحلول 30 نيسان / أبريل 2018، اضطرت إلى تسليم وحدات تغطي الانبعاثات اعتبارا من 2018).
وبوصفهم أصحاب حسابات آخرين في سجل الاتحاد، فإن مشغلي الطائرات قادرون على تحويل البدلات والائتمان الدولي إلى المشاركين الآخرين في إتس للاتحاد الأوروبي.
أسئلة وأجوبة عن الخدمات المصرفية لبدلات الانبعاث وتبادل الأرصدة الدولية (05/2018)
ما هو العمل المصرفي؟
لا يسمح توجيه إتس باستخدام البدلات من فترة التداول الثانية للامتثال في فترة التداول الثالثة. ومع ذلك، فإنه يضمن المصرفية من البدلات من فترة التداول الثانية، إلى فترة التداول الثالثة، والتي ستعقد في عام 2018.
ويجري العمل المصرفي للبدلات، على النحو المتوخى في المادة 57 من لائحة السجلات (رقم 920/2018)، من خلال إلغاء بدلات المرحلة 2، وفي الوقت نفسه إنشاء مبلغ مساو من بدلات المرحلة 3 على نفس حسابات السجل. ويهدف التعديل الأخير الذي أدخل على لائحة المسجلين أيضا إلى توضيح القواعد المصرفية المتعلقة ببدلات الطيران، بحيث ترحل بدلات الطيران لعام 2018 إلى المرحلة 3 دون أي تغيير في تعيينها كبدلات للطيران.
هل يقتصر مصارف العلاوات من الثانية إلى الثالثة من فترة التداول على حسابات المشغلين فقط؟
لا، ينطبق المصرف على بدلات الانبعاث على جميع حيازات بدلات المرحلة 2 في حسابات المستخدمين في سجل الاتحاد.
متى من المتوقع أن يتم إجراء المخصصات المصرفية؟
ومن المتوقع أن تبدأ عملية صرف مخصصات الانبعاثات من فترة التداول الثانية إلى الثالثة في 1 يوليو 2018. وتتطلب العملية إغلاق سجل الاتحاد لمدة خمسة أيام عمل متتالية. وسيجري تعليق الوصول إلى سجل الاتحاد اعتبارا من 1 تموز / يوليه وسيستأنف في موعد أقصاه 8 تموز / يوليه.
هل تسري أيضا لائحة المفوضية الخاصة بإنشاء سجل الاتحاد للفترات المنتهية في 31 كانون الأول / ديسمبر 2018 بالنسبة للاتحاد الأوروبي للاتصالات (رقم 920/2018) على العمليات المصرفية وغيرها بعد 1 كانون الثاني / يناير 2018؟ ما هو الأساس القانوني الذي يحكم الخطوات التشغيلية فيما يتعلق بالخدمات المصرفية لبدلات الانبعاثات؟
Article 57 of Regulation No 920/2018 provides for the banking of allowances from the second trading period to the third.
Is the Commission reconsidering the possibility of banking?
No, the Commission is not considering any changes related to the ability to bank allowances between phases. The possibility of banking of allowances is central to price formation and a long-term price signal to drive investment in less carbon-intensive capital stock and innovation.
What guarantees does a company with a compliance obligation under the EU ETS holding an international credit have in the EU ETS legislation as regards their exchange from the second trading period?
The revised ETS Directive allows for CERs and ERUs to be exchanged into allowances up to the limit defined for the use of these units. The detailed modalities for this exchange are set out in the the Registries Regulation. Exchanges of eligible credits up to the allowed limit are guaranteed until 31 March 2018.
The limit on the use of international credits pursuant to Article 11a(8) of the EU ETS Directive will be established by a separate Commission Regulation.
What is the maximum level of banking for international credits?
According to the Kyoto Protocol, Parties may choose to bank CERs and ERUs (process called carry-over in the Kyoto Protocol) up to a level equal to 2.5% of a Party's initial assigned amount for CERs and 2.5% for ERUs. This limit on carry-over under the Kyoto Protocol is a limit applied at the Party (i. e. Country) level. In other words, this is an entitlement given to Member States. The extent that this entitlement to carry-over is granted to private entities by a Member State is a matter for national consideration, subject to general principle of EU law on non-discrimination between entities on the basis of nationality.
Questions and Answers on the activation of the trusted account list and trading accounts (31/08/2018)
What is the trusted account list?
Each holding account and trading account may have a trusted account list. This list contains accounts specified by the account holder to which transfers can be executed trustfully.
How to add an account to the trusted account list?
Accounts held by the same account holder are included automatically on the trusted account list. The addition of other trusted accounts can be proposed by any authorised representative of the account holder.
As for transactions, a delay is applied between the approval and the execution of the request for an addition of an account to the trusted account list; the addition will be effective seven (7) days after the proposal has been confirmed either by an additional authorised representative (or by another authorised representative if no additional authorised representative has been appointed).
What is the difference between a holding account and a trading account?
Holding accounts can only make transfers to accounts specified in their trusted account list. Such transfers do not require the approval of an additional authorised representative, but remain subject to the 26-hour delay. The account holder can however also choose to maintain the need for approval of each transfer by an additional authorised representative.
Trading accounts may also have a trusted account list. As for the holding accounts, transfers may be confirmed by an additional authorised representative. In addition, transfers from a trading account to an account on the trusted account list are not subject to the 26-hour delay.
Contrary to the holding accounts, trading accounts are allowed to make transfers to accounts outside their trusted account list; in that case, transfers are subject to the 26-hour-delay and must be confirmed by an additional authorised representative.
The different situations are summarised in the table below:
The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
The EU Emissions Trading System explained.
The EU emissions trading system (EU ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU's policy to combat climate change and its key tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. It is the world's first major carbon market and remains the biggest one.
operates in 31 countries (all 28 EU countries plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) limits emissions from more than 11,000 heavy energy-using installations (power stations & industrial plants) and airlines operating between these countries covers around 45% of the EU's greenhouse gas emissions.
For a detailed overview, see:
A 'cap and trade' system.
The EU ETS works on the 'cap and trade' principle.
A cap is set on the total amount of certain greenhouse gases that can be emitted by installations covered by the system. The cap is reduced over time so that total emissions fall .
Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed. They can also buy limited amounts of international credits from emission-saving projects around the world. ويضمن الحد الأقصى لعدد البدلات المتاحة أن يكون لها قيمة.
After each year a company must surrender enough allowances to cover all its emissions, otherwise heavy fines are imposed. وإذا خفضت الشركة انبعاثاتها، فإنها يمكن أن تحتفظ بدلات احتياطية لتغطية احتياجاتها المستقبلية أو أن تبيعها إلى شركة أخرى تقل عن المخصصات.
Trading brings flexibility that ensures emissions are cut where it costs least to do so . A robust carbon price also promotes investment in clean, low-carbon technologies .
Key features of phase 3 (2018-2020)
The EU ETS is now in its third phase – significantly different from phases 1 and 2.
The main changes are:
A single, EU-wide cap on emissions applies in place of the previous system of national caps Auctioning is the default method for allocating allowances (instead of free allocation), and harmonised allocation rules apply to the allowances still given away for free More sectors and gases included 300 million allowances set aside in the New Entrants Reserve to fund the deployment of innovative renewable energy technologies and carbon capture and storage through the NER 300 programme.
Sectors and gases covered.
The system covers the following sectors and gases with the focus on emissions that can be measured, reported and verified with a high level of accuracy:
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from power and heat generation energy-intensive industry sectors including oil refineries, steel works and production of iron, aluminium, metals, cement, lime, glass, ceramics, pulp, paper, cardboard, acids and bulk organic chemicals commercial aviation nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from production of nitric, adipic and glyoxylic acids and glyoxal perfluorocarbons (PFCs) from aluminium production.
Participation in the EU ETS is mandatory for companies in these sectors , but.
in some sectors only plants above a certain size are included certain small installations can be excluded if governments put in place fiscal or other measures that will cut their emissions by an equivalent amount in the aviation sector, until 2018 the EU ETS applies only to flights between airports located in the European Economic Area (EEA).
Delivering emissions reductions.
The EU ETS has proved that putting a price on carbon and trading in it can work. Emissions from installations in the scheme are falling as intended – by around 5% compared to the beginning of phase 3 (2018) (see 2018 figures).
In 2020 , emissions from sectors covered by the system will be 21% lower than in 2005 .
Developing the carbon market.
Set up in 2005, the EU ETS is the world's first and biggest international emissions trading system, accounting for over three-quarters of international carbon trading.
The EU ETS is also inspiring the development of emissions trading in other countries and regions. The EU aims to link the EU ETS with other compatible systems.
Main EU ETS legislation.
30/04/2018 - Consolidated version of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC 23/04/2009 - Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community 19/11/2008 - Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community 27/10/2004 - Directive 2004/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in respect of the Kyoto Protocol's project mechanisms 13/10/2003 - Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC.
Carbon market reports.
23/11/2017 – COM(2017) 693 – Report on the functioning of the European carbon market 01/02/2017 - COM(2017) 48 - Report on the functioning of the European carbon market 18/11/2018 - COM(2018) 576 - Report on the functioning of the European carbon market 14/11/2018 - COM(2018) 652 - The state of the European carbon market in 2018.
Revision of the EU ETS for phase 3.
04/02/2018 - European Council conclusions of 4 February 2018 (see conclusions 23 and 24) 18/03/2018 - Guidance on interpretation of Annex I of the EU ETS Directive (excl. aviation activities) 18/03/2018 - Guidance paper to identify electricity generators 06/04/2009 - Council press release on the adoption of the climate and energy package 12/12/2008 - Presidency conclusions of the European Council (11 and 12 December 2008) 12/12/2008 - European Council Statement on the use of auction revenues 23/01/2008 - Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system of the Community 23/01/2008 - Commission staff working document - Accompanying document to the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the EU greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system - Impact assessment.
التنفيذ.
04/07/2018 - Amended Draft Regulation on determining international credit entitlements 05/06/2018 - Draft regulation on determining international credit entitlements 05/05/2018 Commission Regulation (EU) No 389/2018 of 2 May 2018 establishing a Union Registry pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Decisions No 280/2004/EC and No 406/2009/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulations (EU) No 920/2018 and No 1193/2018 Text with EEA relevance 18/11/2018 - Commission Regulation establishing a Union Registry for the trading period commencing on 1 January 2018, and subsequent trading periods, of the Union emissions trading scheme pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Decision 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and amending Regulations (EC) No 2216/2004 and (EU) No 920/2018 - not yet published in the Official Journal 07/10/2018 - Commission Regulation (EU) No 920/2018 for a standardised and secured system of registries pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council - version not including changes brought by Regulation of 18 November 2018 08/10/2008 - Commission Regulation (EC) No 994/2008 for a standardised and secured system of registries pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council - version applicable until 31 December 2018 26/10/2007 - EEA Joint Committee Decision No 146/2007 linking the EU ETS with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein 13/11/2006 - Commission Decision 2006/780/EC on avoiding DOUBLE COUNTING of greenhouse gas emission reductions under the Community emissions trading scheme for project activities under the Kyoto Protocol pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document number C(2006) 5362) 21/12/2004 - Consolidated version of Commission Regulation (EC) No 2216/2004 for a standardised and secured system of registries amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 916/2007 of 31 July 2007, Commission Regulation (EC) No 994/2008 of 8 October 2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 920/2018 of 7 October 2018 - version not including changes brought by Regulation of 18 November 2018.
Application of VAT.
Legislative History of Directive 2003/87/EC.
Work prior to the Commission proposal.
08/02/2000 - COM(2000) 87 - Green Paper on greenhouse gas emissions trading within the European Union Mandate and results of ECCP Working Group 1 : Flexible mechanisms 04/09/2001 - Chairman's Summary Record of Stakeholder consultation meeting (with Industry and Environmental NGOs) 19/05/1999 - COM(1999) 230 - Preparing for Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol 03/06/1998 - COM(1998) 353 - Climate Change - Towards an EU Post-Kyoto Strategy Scope of the EU ETS: 07/2007 - Small Installations within the EU Emissions Trading System 10/2006 - Inclusion of additional activities and gases into the EU Emissions Trading System Further harmonisation and increased predictability: 12/2006 - The approach to new entrants and closures 10/2006 - Auctioning of CO2 emission allowances in the EU ETS 10/2006 - Harmonisation of allocation methodologies 12/2006 - Report on international competitiveness ECCP working group on emissions trading on the review of the EU ETS 15/06/2007 - Final report of the 4th meeting on Linking with Emission Trading Systems in Third Countries 22/05/2007 - Final report of the 3rd meeting on Further Harmonisation and Increased Predictability 26/04/2007 - Final Report of the 2nd meeting on Robust Compliance and Enforcement 09/03/2007 - Final Report of the 1st meeting on The Scope of the Directive.
Commission proposal of October 2001.
22/01/2002 - Non-paper on synergies between the EC emissions trading proposal (COM(2001)581) and the IPPC Directive 23/10/2001 - COM(2001) 581 - Proposal for a framework Directive for greenhouse gas emissions trading within the European Community.
Commission's reaction to reading of the proposal in Council and Parliament (including Council's common position)
18/07/2003 - COM(2003) 463 - Opinion of the Commission on the European Parliament's amendments to the Council's common position regarding the proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 20/06/2003 - COM(2003) 364 - Commission Communication to the European Parliament concerning the Council's Common Position on the adoption of a Directive establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC 18/03/2003 - Common Position (EC) No 28/2003 - Council's Common Position on the adoption of a Directive establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC 27/11/2002 - COM(2002) 680 - Amended proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC Faq.
Open all questions.
Questions and Answers on the revised EU Emissions Trading System (December 2008)
What is the aim of emissions trading?
The aim of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is to help EU Member States achieve their commitments to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective way. Allowing participating companies to buy or sell emission allowances means that emission cuts can be achieved at least cost.
The EU ETS is the cornerstone of the EU's strategy for fighting climate change. It is the first international trading system for CO 2 emissions in the world and has been in operation since 2005. As of I January 2008 it applies not only to the 27 EU Member States, but also to the other three members of the European Economic Area – Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. It currently covers over 10,000 installations in the energy and industrial sectors which are collectively responsible for close to half of the EU's emissions of CO 2 and 40% of its total greenhouse gas emissions. An amendment to the EU ETS Directive agreed in July 2008 will bring the aviation sector into the system from 2018.
كيف يعمل تداول الانبعاثات؟
The EU ETS is a 'cap and trade' system, that is to say it caps the overall level of emissions allowed but, within that limit, allows participants in the system to buy and sell allowances as they require. These allowances are the common trading 'currency' at the heart of the system. One allowance gives the holder the right to emit one tonne of CO 2 or the equivalent amount of another greenhouse gas. The cap on the total number of allowances creates scarcity in the market.
In the first and second trading period under the scheme, Member States had to draw up national allocation plans (NAPs) which determine their total level of ETS emissions and how many emission allowances each installation in their country receives. At the end of each year installations must surrender allowances equivalent to their emissions. Companies that keep their emissions below the level of their allowances can sell their excess allowances. Those facing difficulty in keeping their emissions in line with their allowances have a choice between taking measures to reduce their own emissions – such as investing in more efficient technology or using less carbon-intensive energy sources – or buying the extra allowances they need on the market, or a combination of the two. Such choices are likely to be determined by relative costs. In this way, emissions are reduced wherever it is most cost-effective to do so.
How long has the EU ETS been operating?
The EU ETS was launched on 1 January 2005. The first trading period ran for three years to the end of 2007 and was a 'learning by doing' phase to prepare for the crucial second trading period. The second trading period began on 1 January 2008 and runs for five years until the end of 2018. The importance of the second trading period stems from the fact that it coincides with the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, during which the EU and other industrialised countries must meet their targets to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For the second trading period EU ETS emissions have been capped at around 6.5% below 2005 levels to help ensure that the EU as a whole, and Member States individually, deliver on their Kyoto commitments.
What are the main lessons learned from experience so far?
The EU ETS has put a price on carbon and proved that trading in greenhouse gas emissions works. The first trading period successfully established the free trading of emission allowances across the EU, put in place the necessary infrastructure and developed a dynamic carbon market. The environmental benefit of the first phase may be limited due to excessive allocation of allowances in some Member States and some sectors, due mainly to a reliance on emission projections before verified emissions data became available under the EU ETS. When the publication of verified emissions data for 2005 highlighted this “over-allocation”, the market reacted as would be expected by lowering the market price of allowances. The availability of verified emissions data has allowed the Commission to ensure that the cap on national allocations under the second phase is set at a level that results in real emission reductions.
Besides underlining the need for verified data, experience so far has shown that greater harmonisation within the EU ETS is imperative to ensure that the EU achieves its emissions reductions objectives at least cost and with minimal competitive distortions. The need for more harmonisation is clearest with respect to how the cap on overall emission allowances is set.
The first two trading periods also show that widely differing national methods for allocating allowances to installations threaten fair competition in the internal market. Furthermore, greater harmonisation, clarification and refinement are needed with respect to the scope of the system, the access to credits from emission-reduction projects outside the EU, the conditions for linking the EU ETS to emissions trading systems elsewhere and the monitoring, verification and reporting requirements.
What are the main changes to the EU ETS and as of when will they apply?
The agreed design changes will apply as of the third trading period, i. e. January 2018. While preparatory work will be initiated immediately, the applicable rules will not change until January 2018 to ensure that regulatory stability is maintained.
The EU ETS in the third period will be a more efficient, more harmonised and fairer system.
Increased efficiency is achieved by means of a longer trading period (8 years instead of 5 years), a robust and annually declining emissions cap (21% reduction in 2020 compared to 2005) and a substantial increase in the amount of auctioning (from less than 4% in phase 2 to more than half in phase 3).
More harmonisation has been agreed in many areas, including with respect to the cap-setting (an EU-wide cap instead of the national caps in phases 1 and 2) and the rules for transitional free allocation.
The fairness of the system has been substantially increased by the move towards EU-wide free allocation rules for industrial installations and by the introduction of a redistribution mechanism that entitles new Member States to auction more allowances.
How does the final text compare to the initial Commission proposal?
The climate and energy targets agreed by the 2007 Spring European Council have been maintained and the overall architecture of the Commission's proposal on the EU ETS remains intact. That is to say that there will be one EU-wide cap on the number of emission allowances and this cap will decrease annually along a linear trend line, which will continue beyond the end of the third trading period (2018-2020). The main difference as compared to the proposal is that auctioning of allowances will be phased in more slowly.
What are the main changes compared to the Commission's proposal?
In summary, the main changes that have been made to the proposal are as follows:
Certain Member States are allowed an optional and temporary derogation from the rule that no allowances are to be allocated free of charge to electricity generators as of 2018. This option to derogate is available to Member States which fulfil certain conditions related to the interconnectivity of their electricity grid, share of a single fossil fuel in electricity production, and GDP/capita in relation to the EU-27 average. In addition, the amount of free allowances that a Member State can allocate to power plants is limited to 70% of carbon dioxide emissions of relevant plants in phase 1 and declines in the years thereafter. Furthermore free allocation in phase 3 can only be given to power plants that are operational or under construction no later than end 2008. See reply to question 15 below. There will be more details in the Directive on the criteria to be used to determine the sectors or sub-sectors deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage , and an earlier date of publication of the Commission's list of such sectors (31 December 2009). Moreover, subject to review when a satisfactory international agreement is reached, installations in all exposed industries will receive 100% free allowances to the extent that they use the most efficient technology. The free allocation to industry is limited to the share of these industries' emissions in total emissions in 2005 to 2007. The total number of allowances allocated for free to installations in industry sectors will decline annually in line with the decline of the emissions cap. Member States may also compensate certain installations for CO 2 costs passed on in electricity prices if the CO 2 costs might otherwise expose them to the risk of carbon leakage. The Commission has undertaken to modify the Community guidelines on state aid for environmental protection in this respect. See reply to question 15 below. The level of auctioning of allowances for non-exposed industry will increase in a linear manner as proposed by the Commission, but rather than reaching 100% by 2020 it will reach 70%, with a view to reaching 100% by 2027. As foreseen in the Commission's proposal, 10% of the allowances for auctioning will be redistributed from Member States with high per capita income to those with low per capita income in order to strengthen the financial capacity of the latter to invest in climate friendly technologies. A provision has been added for another redistributive mechanism of 2% of auctioned allowances to take into account Member States which in 2005 had achieved a reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse gas emissions compared with the reference year set by the Kyoto Protocol. The share of auctioning revenues that Member States are recommended to use to fight and adapt to climate change mainly within the EU, but also in developing countries, is raised from 20% to 50%. The text provides for a top-up to the proposed permitted level of use of JI/CDM credits in the 20% scenario for existing operators that received the lowest budgets to import and use such credits in relation to allocations and access to credits in the period 2008-2018. New sectors, new entrants in the periods 2018-2020 and 2008-2018 will also be able to use credits. The total amount of credits that may be used will, however, not exceed 50% of the reduction between 2008 and 2020. Based on a stricter emissions reduction in the context of a satisfactory international agreement, the Commission could allow additional access to CERs and ERUs for operators in the Community scheme. See reply to question 20 below. The proceeds from auctioning 300 million allowances from the new entrants reserve will be used to support up to 12 carbon capture and storage demonstration projects and projects demonstrating innovative renewable energy technologies. A number of conditions are attached to this financing mechanism. See reply to question 30 below. The possibility to opt-out small combustion installations provided they are subject to equivalent measures has been extended to cover all small installations irrespective of activity, the emission threshold has been raised from 10,000 to 25,000 tonnes of CO 2 per year, and the capacity threshold that combustion installations have to fulfil in addition has been raised from 25MW to 35MW. With these increased thresholds, the share of covered emissions that would potentially be excluded from the emissions trading system becomes significant, and consequently a provision has been added to allow for a corresponding reduction of the EU-wide cap on allowances.
Will there still be national allocation plans (NAPs)?
No. In their NAPs for the first (2005-2007) and the second (2008-2018) trading periods, Member States determined the total quantity of allowances to be issued – the cap – and how these would be allocated to the installations concerned. This approach has generated significant differences in allocation rules, creating an incentive for each Member State to favour its own industry, and has led to great complexity.
As from the third trading period, there will be a single EU-wide cap and allowances will be allocated on the basis of harmonised rules. National allocation plans will therefore not be needed any more.
How will the emission cap in phase 3 be determined?
The rules for calculating the EU-wide cap are as follows:
From 2018, the total number of allowances will decrease annually in a linear manner. The starting point of this line is the average total quantity of allowances (phase 2 cap) to be issued by Member States for the 2008-12 period, adjusted to reflect the broadened scope of the system from 2018 as well as any small installations that Member States have chosen to exclude. The linear factor by which the annual amount shall decrease is 1.74% in relation to the phase 2 cap.
The starting point for determining the linear factor of 1.74% is the 20% overall reduction of greenhouse gases compared to 1990, which is equivalent to a 14% reduction compared to 2005. However, a larger reduction is required of the EU ETS because it is cheaper to reduce emissions in the ETS sectors. The division that minimises overall reduction cost amounts to:
a 21% reduction in EU ETS sector emissions compared to 2005 by 2020; a reduction of around 10% compared to 2005 for the sectors that are not covered by the EU ETS.
The 21% reduction in 2020 results in an ETS cap in 2020 of a maximum of 1720 million allowances and implies an average phase 3 cap (2018 to 2020) of some 1846 million allowances and a reduction of 11% compared to the phase 2 cap.
All absolute figures indicated correspond to the coverage at the start of the second trading period and therefore don't take account of aviation, which will be added in 2018, and other sectors that will be added in phase 3.
The final figures for the annual emission caps in phase 3 will be determined and published by the Commission by 30 September 2018.
How will the emission cap beyond phase 3 be determined?
The linear factor of 1.74% used to determine the phase 3 cap will continue to apply beyond the end of the trading period in 2020 and will determine the cap for the fourth trading period (2021 to 2028) and beyond. It may be revised by 2025 at the latest. In fact, significant emission reductions of 60%-80% compared to 1990 will be necessary by 2050 to reach the strategic objective of limiting the global average temperature increase to not more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
An EU-wide cap on emission allowances will be determined for each individual year. Will this reduce flexibility for the installations concerned?
No, flexibility for installations will not be reduced at all. In any year, the allowances to be auctioned and distributed have to be issued by the competent authorities by 28 February. The last date for operators to surrender allowances is 30 April of the year following the year in which the emissions took place. So operators receive allowances for the current year before they have to surrender allowances to cover their emissions for the previous year. Allowances remain valid throughout the trading period and any surplus allowances can now be "banked" for use in subsequent trading periods. In this respect nothing will change.
The system will remain based on trading periods, but the third trading period will last eight years, from 2018 to 2020, as opposed to five years for the second phase from 2008 to 2018.
For the second trading period Member States generally decided to allocate equal total quantities of allowances for each year. The linear decrease each year from 2018 will correspond better to expected emissions trends over the period.
What are the tentative annual ETS cap figures for the period 2018 to 2020?
The tentative annual cap figures are as follows:
These figures are based on the scope of the ETS as applicable in phase 2 (2008 to 2018), and the Commission's decisions on the national allocation plans for phase 2, amounting to 2083 million tonnes. These figures will be adjusted for several reasons. Firstly, adjustment will be made to take into account the extensions of the scope in phase 2, provided that Member States substantiate and verify their emissions accruing from these extensions. Secondly, adjustment will be made with respect to further extensions of the scope of the ETS in the third trading period. Thirdly, any opt-out of small installations will lead to a corresponding reduction of the cap. Fourthly, the figures do not take account of the inclusion of aviation, nor of emissions from Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.
Will allowances still be allocated for free?
نعم فعلا. Industrial installations will receive transitional free allocation. And in those Member States that are eligible for the optional derogation, power plants may, if the Member State so decides, also receive free allowances. It is estimated that at least half of the available allowances as of 2018 will be auctioned.
While the great majority of allowances has been allocated free of charge to installations in the first and second trading periods, the Commission proposed that auctioning of allowances should become the basic principle for allocation. This is because auctioning best ensures the efficiency, transparency and simplicity of the system and creates the greatest incentive for investments in a low-carbon economy. It best complies with the “polluter pays principle” and avoids giving windfall profits to certain sectors that have passed on the notional cost of allowances to their customers despite receiving them for free.
How will allowances be handed out for free?
By 31 December 2018, the Commission will adopt EU-wide rules, which will be developed under a committee procedure (“Comitology”). These rules will fully harmonise allocations and thus all firms across the EU with the same or similar activities will be subject to the same rules. The rules will ensure as far as possible that the allocation promotes carbon-efficient technologies. The adopted rules provide that to the extent feasible, allocations are to be based on so-called benchmarks, e. g. a number of allowances per quantity of historical output. Such rules reward operators that have taken early action to reduce greenhouse gases, better reflect the polluter pays principle and give stronger incentives to reduce emissions, as allocations would no longer depend on historical emissions. All allocations are to be determined before the start of the third trading period and no ex-post adjustments will be allowed.
Which installations will receive free allocations and which will not? How will negative impacts on competitiveness be avoided?
Taking into account their ability to pass on the increased cost of emission allowances, full auctioning is the rule from 2018 onwards for electricity generators. However, Member States who fulfil certain conditions relating to their interconnectivity or their share of fossil fuels in electricity production and GDP per capita in relation to the EU-27 average, have the option to temporarily deviate from this rule with respect to existing power plants. The auctioning rate in 2018 is to be at least 30% in relation to emissions in the first period and has to increase progressively to 100% no later than 2020. If the option is applied, the Member State has to undertake to invest in improving and upgrading of the infrastructure, in clean technologies and in diversification of their energy mix and sources of supply for an amount to the extent possible equal to the market value of the free allocation.
In other sectors, allocations for free will be phased out progressively from 2018, with Member States agreeing to start at 20% auctioning in 2018, increasing to 70% auctioning in 2020 with a view to reaching 100% in 2027. However, an exception will be made for installations in sectors that are found to be exposed to a significant risk of 'carbon leakage'. This risk could occur if the EU ETS increased production costs so much that companies decided to relocate production to areas outside the EU that are not subject to comparable emission constraints. The Commission will determine the sectors concerned by 31 December 2009. To do this, the Commission will assess inter alia whether the direct and indirect additional production costs induced by the implementation of the ETS Directive as a proportion of gross value added exceed 5% and whether the total value of its exports and imports divided by the total value of its turnover and imports exceeds 10%. If the result for either of these criteria exceeds 30%, the sector would also be considered to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage. Installations in these sectors would receive 100% of their share in the annually declining total quantity of allowances for free. The share of these industries' emissions is determined in relation to total ETS emissions in 2005 to 2007.
CO 2 costs passed on in electricity prices could also expose certain installations to the risk of carbon leakage. In order to avoid such risk, Member States may grant a compensation with respect to such costs. In the absence of an international agreement on climate change, the Commission has undertaken to modify the Community guidelines on state aid for environmental protection in this respect.
Under an international agreement which ensures that competitors in other parts of the world bear a comparable cost, the risk of carbon leakage may well be negligible. Therefore, by 30 June 2018, the Commission will carry out an in-depth assessment of the situation of energy-intensive industry and the risk of carbon leakage, in the light of the outcome of the international negotiations and also taking into account any binding sectoral agreements that may have been concluded. The report will be accompanied by any proposals considered appropriate. These could potentially include maintaining or adjusting the proportion of allowances received free of charge to industrial installations that are particularly exposed to global competition or including importers of the products concerned in the ETS.
Who will organise the auctions and how will they be carried out?
Member States will be responsible for ensuring that the allowances given to them are auctioned. Each Member State has to decide whether it wants to develop its own auctioning infrastructure and platform or whether it wants to cooperate with other Member States to develop regional or EU-wide solutions. The distribution of the auctioning rights to Member States is largely based on emissions in phase 1 of the EU ETS, but a part of the rights will be redistributed from richer Member States to poorer ones to take account of the lower GDP per head and higher prospects for growth and emissions among the latter. It is still the case that 10% of the rights to auction allowances will be redistributed from Member States with high per capita income to those with low per capita income in order to strengthen the financial capacity of the latter to invest in climate friendly technologies. However, a provision has been added for another redistributive mechanism of 2% to take into account Member States which in 2005 had achieved a reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse gas emissions compared with the reference year set by the Kyoto Protocol. Nine Member States benefit from this provision.
Any auctioning must respect the rules of the internal market and must therefore be open to any potential buyer under non-discriminatory conditions. By 30 June 2018, the Commission will adopt a Regulation (through the comitology procedure) that will provide the appropriate rules and conditions for ensuring efficient, coordinated auctions without disturbing the allowance market.
How many allowances will each Member State auction and how is this amount determined?
All allowances which are not allocated free of charge will be auctioned. A total of 88% of allowances to be auctioned by each Member State is distributed on the basis of the Member State's share of historic emissions under the EU ETS. For purposes of solidarity and growth, 12% of the total quantity is distributed in a way that takes into account GDP per capita and the achievements under the Kyoto-Protocol.
Which sectors and gases are covered as of 2018?
The ETS covers installations performing specified activities. Since the start it has covered, above certain capacity thresholds, power stations and other combustion plants, oil refineries, coke ovens, iron and steel plants and factories making cement, glass, lime, bricks, ceramics, pulp, paper and board. As for greenhouse gases, it currently only covers carbon dioxide emissions, with the exception of the Netherlands, which has opted in emissions from nitrous oxide.
As from 2018, the scope of the ETS will be extended to also include other sectors and greenhouse gases. CO 2 emissions from petrochemicals, ammonia and aluminium will be included, as will N2O emissions from the production of nitric, adipic and glyocalic acid production and perfluorocarbons from the aluminium sector. The capture, transport and geological storage of all greenhouse gas emissions will also be covered. These sectors will receive allowances free of charge according to EU-wide rules, in the same way as other industrial sectors already covered.
As of 2018, aviation will also be included in the EU ETS.
Will small installations be excluded from the scope?
A large number of installations emitting relatively low amounts of CO 2 are currently covered by the ETS and concerns have been raised over the cost-effectiveness of their inclusion. As from 2018, Member States will be allowed to remove these installations from the ETS under certain conditions. The installations concerned are those whose reported emissions were lower than 25 000 tonnes of CO 2 equivalent in each of the 3 years preceding the year of application. For combustion installations, an additional capacity threshold of 35MW applies. In addition Member States are given the possibility to exclude installations operated by hospitals. The installations may be excluded from the ETS only if they will be covered by measures that will achieve an equivalent contribution to emission reductions.
How many emission credits from third countries will be allowed?
For the second trading period, Member States allowed their operators to use significant quantities of credits generated by emission-saving projects undertaken in third countries to cover part of their emissions in the same way as they use ETS allowances. The revised Directive extends the rights to use these credits for the third trading period and allows a limited additional quantity to be used in such a way that the overall use of credits is limited to 50% of the EU-wide reductions over the period 2008-2020. For existing installations, and excluding new sectors within the scope, this will represent a total level of access of approximately 1.6 billion credits over the period 2008-2020. In practice, this means that existing operators will be able to use credits up to a minimum of 11% of their allocation during the period 2008-2018, while a top-up is foreseen for operators with the lowest sum of free allocation and allowed use of credits in the 2008-2018 period. New sectors and new entrants in the third trading period will have a guaranteed minimum access of 4.5% of their verified emissions during the period 2018-2020. For the aviation sector, the minimum access will be 1.5%. The precise percentages will be determined through comitology.
These projects must be officially recognised under the Kyoto Protocol’s Joint Implementation (JI) mechanism (covering projects carried out in countries with an emissions reduction target under the Protocol) or Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (for projects undertaken in developing countries). Credits from JI projects are known as Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) while those from CDM projects are called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs).
On the quality side only credits from project types eligible for use in the EU trading scheme during the period 2008-2018 will be accepted in the period 2018-2020. Furthermore, from 1 January 2018 measures may be applied to restrict the use of specific credits from project types. Such a quality control mechanism is needed to assure the environmental and economic integrity of future project types.
To create greater flexibility, and in the absence of an international agreement being concluded by 31 December 2009, credits could be used in accordance with agreements concluded with third countries. The use of these credits should however not increase the overall number beyond 50% of the required reductions. Such agreements would not be required for new projects that started from 2018 onwards in Least Developed Countries.
Based on a stricter emissions reduction in the context of a satisfactory international agreement , additional access to credits could be allowed, as well as the use of additional types of project credits or other mechanisms created under the international agreement. However, once an international agreement has been reached, from January 2018 onwards only credits from projects in third countries that have ratified the agreement or from additional types of project approved by the Commission will be eligible for use in the Community scheme.
Will it be possible to use credits from carbon ‘sinks’ like forests?
No. Before making its proposal, the Commission analysed the possibility of allowing credits from certain types of land use, land-use change and forestry (‘LULUCF’) projects which absorb carbon from the atmosphere. It concluded that doing so could undermine the environmental integrity of the EU ETS, for the following reasons:
LULUCF projects cannot physically deliver permanent emissions reductions. Insufficient solutions have been developed to deal with the uncertainties, non-permanence of carbon storage and potential emissions 'leakage' problems arising from such projects. The temporary and reversible nature of such activities would pose considerable risks in a company-based trading system and impose great liability risks on Member States. The inclusion of LULUCF projects in the ETS would require a quality of monitoring and reporting comparable to the monitoring and reporting of emissions from installations currently covered by the system. This is not available at present and is likely to incur costs which would substantially reduce the attractiveness of including such projects. The simplicity, transparency and predictability of the ETS would be considerably reduced. Moreover, the sheer quantity of potential credits entering the system could undermine the functioning of the carbon market unless their role were limited, in which case their potential benefits would become marginal.
The Commission, the Council and the European Parliament believe that global deforestation can be better addressed through other instruments. For example, using part of the proceeds from auctioning allowances in the EU ETS could generate additional means to invest in LULUCF activities both inside and outside the EU, and may provide a model for future expansion. In this respect the Commission has proposed to set up the Global Forest Carbon Mechanism that would be a performance-based system for financing reductions in deforestation levels in developing countries.
Besides those already mentioned, are there other credits that could be used in the revised ETS?
نعم فعلا. Projects in EU Member States which reduce greenhouse gas emissions not covered by the ETS could issue credits. These Community projects would need to be managed according to common EU provisions set up by the Commission in order to be tradable throughout the system. Such provisions would be adopted only for projects that cannot be realised through inclusion in the ETS. The provisions will seek to ensure that credits from Community projects do not result in double-counting of emission reductions nor impede other policy measures to reduce emissions not covered by the ETS, and that they are based on simple, easily administered rules.
Are there measures in place to ensure that the price of allowances won't fall sharply during the third trading period?
A stable and predictable regulatory framework is vital for market stability. The revised Directive makes the regulatory framework as predictable as possible in order to boost stability and rule out policy-induced volatility. Important elements in this respect are the determination of the cap on emissions in the Directive well in advance of the start of the trading period, a linear reduction factor for the cap on emissions which continues to apply also beyond 2020 and the extension of the trading period from 5 to 8 years. The sharp fall in the allowance price during the first trading period was due to over-allocation of allowances which could not be “banked” for use in the second trading period. For the second and subsequent trading periods, Member States are obliged to allow the banking of allowances from one period to the next and therefore the end of one trading period is not expected to have any impact on the price.
A new provision will apply as of 2018 in case of excessive price fluctuations in the allowance market. If, for more than six consecutive months, the allowance price is more than three times the average price of allowances during the two preceding years on the European market, the Commission will convene a meeting with Member States. If it is found that the price evolution does not correspond to market fundamentals, the Commission may either allow Member States to bring forward the auctioning of a part of the quantity to be auctioned, or allow them to auction up to 25% of the remaining allowances in the new entrant reserve.
The price of allowances is determined by supply and demand and reflects fundamental factors like economic growth, fuel prices, rainfall and wind (availability of renewable energy) and temperature (demand for heating and cooling) etc. A degree of uncertainty is inevitable for such factors. The markets, however, allow participants to hedge the risks that may result from changes in allowances prices.
Are there any provisions for linking the EU ETS to other emissions trading systems?
نعم فعلا. One of the key means to reduce emissions more cost-effectively is to enhance and further develop the global carbon market. The Commission sees the EU ETS as an important building block for the development of a global network of emission trading systems. Linking other national or regional cap-and-trade emissions trading systems to the EU ETS can create a bigger market, potentially lowering the aggregate cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The increased liquidity and reduced price volatility that this would entail would improve the functioning of markets for emission allowances. This may lead to a global network of trading systems in which participants, including legal entities, can buy emission allowances to fulfil their respective reduction commitments.
The EU is keen to work with the new US Administration to build a transatlantic and indeed global carbon market to act as the motor of a concerted international push to combat climate change.
While the original Directive allows for linking the EU ETS with other industrialised countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the new rules allow for linking with any country or administrative entity (such as a state or group of states under a federal system) which has established a compatible mandatory cap-and-trade system whose design elements would not undermine the environmental integrity of the EU ETS. Where such systems cap absolute emissions, there would be mutual recognition of allowances issued by them and the EU ETS.
What is a Community registry and how does it work?
Registries are standardised electronic databases ensuring the accurate accounting of the issuance, holding, transfer and cancellation of emission allowances. As a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol in its own right, the Community is also obliged to maintain a registry. This is the Community Registry, which is distinct from the registries of Member States. Allowances issued from 1 January 2018 onwards will be held in the Community registry instead of in national registries.
Will there be any changes to monitoring, reporting and verification requirements?
The Commission will adopt a new Regulation (through the comitology procedure) by 31 December 2018 governing the monitoring and reporting of emissions from the activities listed in Annex I of the Directive. A separate Regulation on the verification of emission reports and the accreditation of verifiers should specify conditions for accreditation, mutual recognition and cancellation of accreditation for verifiers, and for supervision and peer review as appropriate.
What provision will be made for new entrants into the market?
Five percent of the total quantity of allowances will be put into a reserve for new installations or airlines that enter the system after 2018 (“new entrants”). The allocations from this reserve should mirror the allocations to corresponding existing installations.
A part of the new entrant reserve, amounting to 300 million allowances, will be made available to support the investments in up to 12 demonstration projects using the carbon capture and storage technology and demonstration projects using innovative renewable energy technologies. There should be a fair geographical distribution of the projects.
In principle, any allowances remaining in the reserve shall be distributed to Member States for auctioning. The distribution key shall take into account the level to which installations in Member States have benefited from this reserve.
What has been agreed with respect to the financing of the 12 carbon capture and storage demonstration projects requested by a previous European Council?
The European Parliament's Environment Committee tabled an amendment to the EU ETS Directive requiring allowances in the new entrant reserve to be set aside in order to co-finance up to 12 demonstration projects as requested by the European Council in spring 2007. This amendment has later been extended to include also innovative renewable energy technologies that are not commercially viable yet. Projects shall be selected on the basis of objective and transparent criteria that include requirements for knowledge sharing. Support shall be given from the proceeds of these allowances via Member States and shall be complementary to substantial co-financing by the operator of the installation. No project shall receive support via this mechanism that exceeds 15% of the total number of allowances (i. e. 45 million allowances) available for this purpose. The Member State may choose to co-finance the project as well, but will in any case transfer the market value of the attributed allowances to the operator, who will not receive any allowances.
A total of 300 million allowances will therefore be set aside until 2018 for this purpose.
What is the role of an international agreement and its potential impact on EU ETS?
When an international agreement is reached, the Commission shall submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council assessing the nature of the measures agreed upon in the international agreement and their implications, in particular with respect to the risk of carbon leakage. On the basis of this report, the Commission shall then adopt a legislative proposal amending the present Directive as appropriate.
For the effects on the use of credits from Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism projects, please see the reply to question 20.
ما هي الخطوات التالية؟
Member States have to bring into force the legal instruments necessary to comply with certain provisions of the revised Directive by 31 December 2009. This concerns the collection of duly substantiated and verified emissions data from installations that will only be covered by the EU ETS as from 2018, and the national lists of installations and the allocation to each one. For the remaining provisions, the national laws, regulations and administrative provisions only have to be ready by 31 December 2018.
The Commission has already started the work on implementation. For example, the collection and analysis of data for use in relation to carbon leakage is ongoing (list of sectors due end 2009). Work is also ongoing to prepare the Regulation on timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning (due by June 2018), the harmonised allocation rules (due end 2018) and the two Regulations on monitoring and reporting of emissions and verification of emissions and accreditation of verifiers (due end 2018).
Auctioning.
Auctioning is the default method of allocating allowances within the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS). وهذا يعني أن الشركات لديها لشراء نسبة متزايدة من البدلات من خلال المزادات.
In 2018, over 40% of the allowances were auctioned. Over the period 2018-2020, the share auctioned will be higher: it is estimated that up to half of the allowances may be auctioned.
Member States have generated nearly € 15.8 billion from the auctioning of EU ETS allowances over the period 2018-2018. Based on the most recent information available, more than 80% of these revenues has been used or is planned to be used for climate and energy purposes in line with Article 10(3) of the ETS Directive.
Auctioning is the most transparent allocation method and puts into practice the principle that the polluter should pay.
Two auction platforms are in place:
The European Energy Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig is the common platform for the large majority of countries participating in the EU ETS. EEX also acts as Germany's auction platform. The second auction platform is ICE Futures Europe (ICE) in London, which acts as the United Kingdom's platform.
An open, transparent, harmonised and non-discriminatory process.
The auctioning of allowances is governed by the EU ETS Auctioning Regulation. This covers the timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning to ensure it is conducted in an open, transparent, harmonised and non-discriminatory manner.
The Auctioning Regulation seeks to put into practice a number of criteria which the revised EU ETS Directive states auctions must meet, such as predictability, cost-efficiency, fair access to auctions and simultaneous access to relevant information for all operators.
Auctioning share to increase each year over 2018 to 2020.
In sectors other than power generation, a transition to auctioning takes place progressively. Manufacturing industry received 80% of its allowances free of charge in 2018, but this will decrease annually to 30% in 2020, other than for sectors deemed to be exposed to carbon leakage. Allowances not allocated for free are to be auctioned. Given the significant weight of power generation in the EU ETS, and even with partial free allocation in eight Member States, more than 40% of the 2018 annual allowances were auctioned. This share will increase in the following years, as the volume of allowances allocated for free decreases faster than the cap.
In total, the Commission estimates that 57% of the total amount of allowances will be auctioned during 2018-2020, while the remaining allowances are available for free allocation. The Commission's proposal for revision of the EU ETS Directive foresees that the share of allowances to be auctioned will remain the same after 2020. In the second trading period (2008-2018), no more than 4% of the allowances were auctioned. In the aviation sector , 15% of allowances in circulation will be auctioned.
In the context of the 2030 climate and energy framework, EU leaders decided in October 2018 that free allocation shall not expire, but the share of allowances to be auctioned will not reduce during the next decade. Latest information on the exact amounts to be auctioned can be found on the websites of the auction platformsand the FAQ page.
Member States' shares in the auctioning volume.
Pursuant to Article 10(1) of the ETS Directive,
88% of the allowances to be auctioned in 2018 to 2020 are distributed to the EU Member States on the basis of their share of verified emissions from EU ETS installations in 2005 or the average of the 2005-2007 period, whichever one is the highest; 10% are allocated to the least wealthy EU member states as an additional source of revenue to help them invest in reducing the carbon intensity of their economies and adapting to climate change; The remaining 2% is given as a 'Kyoto bonus' to nine EU Member States which by 2005 had reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% of levels in their base year or period. These are Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.
EU leaders have decided that during the next decade.
90% of the allowances to be auctioned will be distributed to the EU Member States on the basis of their share of verified emissions , and 10% will be allocated to the less wealthy EU Member States for the purposes of solidarity, growth and interconnections.
The three EEA-EFTA countries will also auction allowances in accordance with the same principles as the EU Member States.
At least half of auctioning revenues to be used for climate and energy related purposes.
The revised EU ETS Directive provides that at least 50 % of auctioning revenues or the equivalent in financial value of these revenues should be used by Member States for climate and energy related purposes.
Under the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation, Member States are requested to report annually (for the first time by 31 July 2018) on the amounts and use of the revenues generated (article 17 of Regulation (EU) No 525/2018 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2018).
In 2018, the total revenues for the EU reached €3.6 billion. From this, around €3 billion will be used for climate and energy related purposes such as energy efficiency, renewables, research and sustainable transport – significantly more than the 50% level recommended in the EU ETS Directive.
More information on the use of auctioning revenues can be found in the 2018 report on Progress towards achieving the Kyoto and EU 2020 objectives.
Common auction platform.
The Auctioning Regulation provides for the Member States and the Commission to procure jointly a common platform to auction emission allowances on behalf of the Member States.
This is the most cost-efficient approach for Member States and bidders alike. The Commission considers that a common platform also best ensures respect of the principles of non-discrimination, transparency and simplicity, provides the best guarantees for full, fair and equitable access to small and medium sized enterprises and small emitters covered by the EU ETS, and best minimises the risk of market abuse.
Following a competitive tender procedure carried out under a joint procurement agreement, the Commission and 25 Member States re-appointed the European Energy Exchange (EEX) and its clearing system, the European Commodity Clearing (ECC) as common auction platform for these Member States. The three EEA-EFTA states will also contract EEX for the auctioning of their allowances.
The contract with EEX entered into force on 13 July 2018. Information on the corresponding procedure could be found on DG CLIMA page on public procurement.
Opt-out auction platforms for Germany, Poland, UK.
Member States are entitled to opt out of the common platform and appoint their 'own' auction platform. Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom decided to do so.
Germany appointed EEX as its auction platform. The UK appointed ICE Futures Europe (ICE) in London as its auction platform. These appointments have been approved through amendments to the Auctioning Regulation following verification by the Commission that the platforms satisfy the rules of the Regulation and the objectives of the ETS Directive.
In the absence of an opt-out auction platform having been listed, Poland contracted EEX in its capacity as common auction platform to auction on its behalf pending such listing.
Auction monitor.
The Commission and all Member States also have a joint procurement agreement for appointing an auction monitor to monitor and report on the auctions conducted on all platforms as set out in Article 25 of the Auctioning Regulation.
Two procurement procedures were launched in 2018 and 2018 respectively, but the contract could not be awarded. More information can be found on the contracts and grants webpage. The Commission and the Member States are currently assessing their options.
Joint procurement procedures.
The joint procurement agreements between the Commission and the Member States lay down the rules under which they conduct the joint procurement procedures. The procedures are conducted in line with the rules in the Financial Regulation, the standard legal framework for procurement procedures carried out by the Commission.
For third parties, the Commission is the sole point of contact for information concerning the joint procurement procedures. All relevant information will be given in due time and in full respect of the principle of non-discriminatory access to information. See the Commission's information note on this matter.
Contract Notices are always published on Tender Electronic Daily (TED), the electronic version of the supplement S to the Official Journal of the European Union. Tender documents will be made available in due time. Tender documents on past and ongoing tenders are accessible via the contracts and grants pages.
Information relevant for candidate auction platforms and potential participants in the auctions.
Member States may have to make changes to their national laws to implement certain articles of the Auctioning Regulation to make it possible for potential candidates to participate in the procurement procedure for the appointment of auction platforms and to perform the resulting contract.
Similarly, Member States may have to make changes to their national laws to allow certain categories of companies to apply for admission to bid in the auctions or to allow certain categories of companies to bid on behalf of clients.
Information on the implementation of such provisions by Member States is available under the documentation tab.
Auction reports.
Auctions by the common auction platform.
Older reports.
Auctions for Germany.
Older reports.
Auctions for United Kingdom.
Older reports.
Please note that the Commission bears no responsibility for the contents of the reports prepared by Germany and the United Kingdom.
Auctioning Regulation and Joint Procurement Agreements.
Auctioning Regulation and impact assessment.
19/10/2017 - Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1902 amending Commission Regulation (EU) No 1031/2018 to align the auctioning of allowances with Decision (EU) 2018/1814 of the European Parliament and of the Council and to list an auction platform to be appointed by the United Kingdom 25/02/2018 - Consolidated Auctioning Regulation 25/02/2018 - Commission Regulation EU No 176/2018 amending Regulation (EU) No 1031/2018 in particular to determine the volumes of greenhouse gas emission allowances to be auctioned in 2018-2020 13/11/2018 - Commission Regulation (EU) No 1143/2018 - Amending Regulation (EU) No 1031/2018 on the timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowances trading within the Community in particular to list an auction platform to be appointed by Germany Text with EEA relevance 07/11/2018 - Commission Regulation (EU) No 1042/2018 amending Regulation (EU) No 1031/2018 to list an auction platform to be appointed by the United Kingdom 31/08/2018 - Commission Regulation (EU) 784/2018 - Amending Regulation (EU) No 1031/2018 to list an auction platform to be appointed by Germany and correcting Article 59(7) thereof 12/11/2018 - Commission Regulation (EU) No 1031/2018 - Timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning of greenhouse gas emission allowances pursuant to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowances trading within the Community ("Auctioning Regulation"), as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) No 1210/2018 of 23/11/2018 08/02/2018 - SEC(2018) – Auctioning Regulation: Impact Assessment - executive summary.
Joint Procurement Agreements.
09/11/2018 - Joint Procurement Agreement to procure common auction platforms 09/11/2018 - Joint Procurement Agreement to procure an auction monitor.
Transparency, implementation of the Auctioning Regulation by Member States.
03/11/2018 - Information note from the European Commission on contacts with economic operators or their representatives for matters pertaining to the Joint Procurement Procedure(s) to procure common auction platforms and an auction monitor 05/10/2018 - List of Auctioneers appointed by Member States pursuant Article 22(1) of Commission Regulation No 1031/2018 20/06/2018 - Information on the implementation of Article 18(2) and (3) of the Auctioning Regulation by the Member States and EEA-EFTA States 20/06/2018 - Information on the implementation of Articles 35, 36, 43, 55 and 64 of the Auctioning Regulation by the Member States 26/07/2018 - Transparency Notice of the Commission on the implementation of certain Articles of the Auctioning Regulation and transparency measures with regard to the documents relating to the call for tenders.
Use of auction revenues.
03/2017 - Analysis of the use of Auction Revenues by the Member States 28/10/2018 - 2018 Kyoto and EU 2020 Progress Report (annex) 12/12/2008 - Presidency conclusions of the European Council (11 and 12 December 2008) 12/12/2008 - European Council Statement on the use of auction revenues 23/11/2006 - 2006/803/EC - Commission Decision of 23 November 2006 amending Decision 2005/381/EC establishing a questionnaire for reporting on the application of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC FAQ.
Open all questions.
Questions and Answers: Auctioning.
How many allowances will be auctioned in individual years up to 2020?
The ETS Directive contains the general principle that all allowances not allocated free of charge are to be auctioned. The annual volumes of general allowances to be auctioned and the timing and frequency of auctions are regulated in Chapter III and the volumes of aviation allowances in Chapter II of the Auctioning Regulation.
In Recital 26 of its Decision 2018/448/EU of 5 September 2018 on the national implementation measures with respect to free allocation, the Commission estimated, in accordance with Article 10(1) of Directive 2003/87/EC (ETS Directive), the amount of general allowances to be auctioned in the period from 2018 to 2020 at 8,176,193,157. This amount can be broken down as follows and is used in the determination of the annual auction calendars:
volumes to be allocated free of charge pursuant to Article 10c of the ETS Directive. taking into account allowances withheld for the purposes of back-loading, pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 176/2018 of 25 February 2018, and to be placed directly in the Market Stability Reserve pursuant to Article 1(2) of Decision (EU) 2018/1814 (MSR Decision) of 6 October 2018. volume for early auctions, taken into account in subsequent years. figures for 2019 onwards do not yet incorporate further adjustments to the amounts to be auctioned pursuant to Articles 1(5), 1(6) and 1(7) of Decision (EU) 2018/1814 (MSR Decision) of 6 October 2018. On the basis of the estimated amount of surplus allowances mentioned in recital 5 of the MSR Decision it is expected that the application of these articles will result in an adjustment consisting of further deductions from the volume of allowances to be auctioned. cumulative withheld volume in accordance with the published auction calendars pending the start of auctions for the EEA-EFTA States. The volumes for such States will be added in relevant auction calendars as from completion of the necessary arrangements for their auctioning and the table will be adapted accordingly. pursuant to Article 1(2) of Decision (EU) 2018/1814 ( MSR Decision) of 6 October 2018. the difference with the total of the previous column is equal to the volume of the Article 10c non allocated volumes that are added to the auctions as from 2018 (7,809,757 allowances in 2018, 8,451,400 allowances in 2018, 5,138,654 allowances in 2017 and 5,641,832 in 2018) and the correction for allowances to be allocated for free (and accordingly deducted from the auction volume) to small emitters reintroduced into the ETS pursuant to Article 27 of the ETS Directive (74,507 allowances for 2017 and 49,561 allowances for 2018). the amount published in the auction calendars as indicated in the table above includes the volumes (14,986,000 for 2018 and 70,891,000 for 2017) to be auctioned by Poland in 2017 making use of the common auction platform pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 30(7) as well as the auction volume from an auction cancelled in December 2018.
Figures for 2018 to 2018 represent the volumes auctioned or to be auctioned in accordance with the published auction calendars, including indicative volumes. In addition, the 2018 volumes include the volume of 101,053,000 allowances expected to be auctioned by UK as from the publication of their 2018 auction calendar. The 2018 volume had been determined on the basis of a conservative working estimate in the absence of the final information on the free allocation. Furthermore, certain States did not complete the administrative steps to allow auctioning in time, hence their volumes have been withheld. The cumulative withheld volume of 34,064,126 allowances pending the start of auctions for the EEA-EFTA States, is included separately in the table. At the moment of publication of 2018 auction calendars, the 937 557 000 allowances to be auctioned or expected to be auctioned in 2018 plus the cumulative withheld volume of 41,982,348 allowances amounted in total to 979 539 348 allowances. This is without prejudice to the timing and modalities for the auctioning of the withheld volumes which will be announced in due course. Figures for 2019 onwards represent the estimated volumes to be auctioned and are without prejudice for any adjustment that may be needed, including from the application of the Market Stability Reserve from 2019 onwards. As of entry into force of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1210/2018 (Backloading Regulation) of 23 November 2018 amending the Auctioning Regulation for postponing the auctioning of part of the allowances under the 'back-loading', 400 million allowances were withheld in 2018, 300 million in 2018 and 200 million in 2018. In 2018, the total amount of 400 million allowances withheld has been distributed per Member State/EEA EFTA State and the 2018 volumes have been reduced by the corresponding volumes. For Cyprus and Poland, given their allocation of free allowances pursuant to Article 10c of the ETS Directive, the 2018 volumes to be auctioned were less than the volumes to be withheld for the purposes of back-loading, so a corresponding adjustment is done in subsequent years, as provided for by the Regulation Amendment. The adjustment is 738,500 allowances for Cyprus and 6,196,500 allowances for Poland. For Poland this adjustment was fully done in 2018. For Cyprus, taking into consideration the aforementioned adjustment and the 2018 and 2018 volumes withheld for the purposes of back-loading, no allowances are auctioned in 2018 nor 2018, and 246,644 allowances withheld in 2017. Pursuant to Article 1(2) of Decision (EU) 2018/1814 (MSR Decision) of 6 October, the 900 million allowances withheld for the purposes of back-loading will be placed directly into the Market Stability Reserve. The Commission's estimated amount determined in Recital 26 of the Decision 2018/448/EU of 5 September 2018 (NIMs Decision) takes into account all allowances handed out for free, including those for planned modernisation investments in the electricity sector in 8 Member States, and is based on the carbon leakage list valid at that moment. Pursuant to Article 1(3) of Decision (EU) 2018/1814 (MSR Decision) of 6 October 2018, any volumes arising from the reason listed in ninth subparagraph of Article 10(2) of the Auctioning Regulation (so-called "unallocated allowances") will be placed directly into the Market Stability Reserve. In accordance with the Auctioning Regulation and as further specified in the resulting contracts, any difference between the volumes determined in the auction calendars and the figures determined according to Article 10(1) of the ETS Directive, due to the estimation or the withholding of allowances for certain States, is added to the volume to be auctioned in the subsequent year. The volumes that were foreseen for free allocation pursuant to Article 10c of the ETS Directive that were not allocated in previous years by the Member State concerned (for example if investments set out in the national plan and justifying the allocation have not been carried out) are to be auctioned. Accordingly, the volumes as notified by the Member State concerned are added to the auction calendar of the following year, as of 2018. The allowances to be allocated for free to small emitters reintroduced into the ETS pursuant to Article 27 of the ETS Directive are deducted from the respective Member State's auction volume, as notified by the Member State and included in the respective National Allocation Table, as of 2017. The amount to be auctioned or withheld each year per Member State/EEA-EFTA State is rounded down to a multiple of 500 allowances per state; the remaining amount is carried over to the next year. Accordingly, the volumes for 2019 onwards are indicative and the final volumes depend on adjustments related to free allocation, re-introductions of small emitters pursuant to Article 27 of the ETS Directive, retained or carryover volumes. A precise calculation is made each year, which is published by the auctioning platforms through the auction calendars, which are the only valid documents with definitive volumes to be auctioned per year.
15% of the EU aviation allowances for the third trading period are to be auctioned pursuant to Article 3d of the ETS Directive. The Auctioning Regulation further specifies in Article 12(1) and (2) that the volumes to be auctioned each year shall be 15 % of the expected volume of aviation allowances in circulation for that year. In case the auctioned volume for a given year is more or less than 15% of the volume actually put into circulation for that year, the volume to be auctioned in subsequent years is corrected for the difference.
The volume of aviation allowances to be auctioned is further determined in accordance with the derogations provided in the Decision No 377/2018/EU and the Regulation (EU) No 421/2018, and on the basis of the final number of aviation allowances put in circulation for 2018 and on an estimate of the number of aviation allowances to be handed out for free for 2018 to 2018.
In 2018 2.5 million aviation allowances were auctioned, prior to the Decision No 377/2018/EU (stop-the-clock-decision) and the auctions were resumed in 2018 with a volume of 9.2 million, followed by 16.4 million in 2018. In 2018 5,997,500 aviation allowances were auctioned, based on an estimate of expected aviation allowances in circulation for 2018 established on the basis of the National Aviation Allocation Tables at the times of determining the calendar and a positive correction of 343,350 aviation allowances for 2018 and 2018 pursuant to Articles 12(1) and (2) of the ETS Directive.
For 2017, 4,730,500 aviation allowances will be auctioned as from September. This volume is calculated in accordance with the ETS Directive and in line with the Commission proposal reviewing the scope of the EU ETS for aviation Legal reference: Article 28a(3) and Commission proposal COM(2017)54, which takes into account the outcome of the 2018 ICAO Assembly.
The calculation of the auction volume is based on the aviation allowances issued for free for 2017, and it takes into account the allowances issued from the special reserve to new and fast growing aircraft operators, as well as corrections for previous years (as of 1 May 2017). Legal reference: Articles 12(1) and (2) of the Auctioning Regulation for the corrections between expected and actual issuances over 2018 to 2018.
The volume of aviation allowances for the EEA-EFTA States is withheld pending the start of auctions for these States, corresponding to a cumulative amount of 1.3 million aviation allowances for the period 2018-2017.
The auction calendars with exact dates and volumes of general allowances and aviation allowances to be auctioned in the current year are published by the auction platforms :
How many allowances will each Member State have for auctioning?
All allowances which are not allocated free of charge are auctioned. Pursuant to Article 10(2) of the ETS Directive, 88% of the allowances for auctioning are distributed to Member States on the basis of EU ETS emissions in 2005 or the average of the 2005-2007 period, whichever is the highest. 10% of the allowances are distributed to poorer Member States to take account of the lower GDP per head and higher prospects for growth and emissions. Another 2% of the allowances are distributed to nine Member States which in 2005 had achieved a reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse gas emissions compared with the reference year set by the Kyoto Protocol.
For some States, the administrative steps to allow auctioning of the allowances were not completed on time, and the expected volumes were withheld and included in the volumes to be auctioned in subsequent years. This concerned some Member States as indicated in the table below and currently concerns the EEA-EFTA States.
The table below gives an overview of the dates as from which the Member States and EEA EFTA States started auctioning phase 3 allowances:
The auction calendars with exact dates and volumes of general allowances and aviation allowances to be auctioned per Member State in the current year are published by the auction platforms:
When and how often allowances are auctioned ?
Information on the timing, frequency and volume per auction are published by the auction platforms through the auction calendars in due time before the start of the auctions.
Where can data on the auctions be found?
The auction calendars with exact dates and volumes of general allowances and aviation allowances to be auctioned per Member State in the current year are published by the auction platforms. Further, they publish information on the auction results after each auction:
The auction reports published pursuant to Article 10(4) of Directive 2003/87/EC include further details on the auctions for the 25 participating member states, Poland, the United Kingdom and Germany.
How many auction platforms are auctioning allowances?
The Auctioning Regulation provides for a common auction platform but gives Member States the possibility to opt-out and appoint their own auction platform. Germany, Poland and the UK have made use of this option.
At present, two platforms are auctioning allowances under the Auctioning Regulation:
European Energy Exchange (EEX) in Leipzig is the common auction platform used by 25 Member States, following a procurement procedure jointly with the Commission; EEX also serves as Germany’s opt-out auction platform; ICE Futures Europe (ICE) in London is the United Kingdom’s opt-out auction platform.
Poland also intends to appoint an opt-out auction platform but is using the common auction platform in the meantime.
The EEA-EFTA States will auction on the common auction platform as well.
An overwhelming majority of stakeholders, a large majority of Member States and the Commission's impact assessment supported a single EU-wide auction platform as it would best meet all objectives laid down in the revised EU ETS: it is most cost efficient, most transparent, best ensures respect of the principle of non-discrimination, and offers the greatest level of harmonisation and predictability as compared to auctioning through two or more parallel national auction platforms.
Opt-out auction platforms must conform to the framework set out in the Auctioning Regulation, which provides for further rules to ensure adequate coordination between the opt-out auction platforms and the common auction platform.
The maximum appointment duration for any auction platform is five years. EEX was appointed as the transitional common auction platform for three years. The contract was, renewed for one additional year, until August 2018. In July 2018, following a joint procurement procedure with the Commission and the participating Member States, EEX was re-appointed as a common auction platform for a period up to five years.
EEX has also been contracted as Germany’s platform. Its first appointment was until December 2018; its second appointment runs for three years, renewable for a further two years; in May 2018 the contract was extended to November 2018. ICE was contracted in November 2018 as the UK’s platform for three years, renewable for two years more; in March 2018 the contract was extended to November 2017.
Since the coexistence of the common auction platform and the opt-out auction platforms inevitably implies less than full harmonisation of the auction process, the arrangements put in place under the Auctioning Regulation will be reviewed in the light of the report on the auctions performed in 2018. The review of the Auctioning Regulation will be carried out in consultation with Member States and stakeholders.
Questions and Answers: Auctioning and its regulation.
What will change after 2020?
In the context of the 2030 climate and energy framework European leaders decided in October 2018 that free allocation will continue after 2020 to prevent the risk of carbon leakage due to climate policy, as long as no comparable efforts are undertaken in other major economies, with the objective of providing appropriate levels of support for sectors at risk of losing international competitiveness. However, the share of allowances to be auctioned will not decrease.
Member States with a GDP per capita below 60% of the EU average may opt to continue to give free allowances to the energy sector up to 2030. However, the maximum amount handed out for free should be limited and the current modalities, including transparency, improved to ensure that the funds are used to promote real investments modernising the energy sector, while avoiding distortions of the internal energy market.
In terms of Member States' shares in the auctioning volume, 90% of allowances to be auctioned will be distributed among all Member States on the basis of verified emissions. The rest will be distributed among those countries whose GDP per capita did not exceed 90% of the EU average (in 2018) for the purposes of solidarity, growth and interconnections.
Why are allowances being auctioned?
With the start of the third trading period in 2018, auctioning is progressively replacing free allocation as the main method for allocating allowances to all EU ETS sectors except aviation. This best ensures the efficiency, transparency and simplicity of the system and creates the greatest incentive for investment in a low-carbon economy. Auctioning will also eliminate windfall profits, which arise when operators charge their customers the cost of allowances they have received for free.
Why is an Auctioning Regulation necessary?
The revised EU ETS Directive adopted in 2009 required the European Commission to adopt a Regulation on the timing, administration and other aspects of auctioning to ensure that auctioning is conducted in an open, transparent, harmonised and non-discriminatory manner. This must support the overarching aims of the revision of the EU ETS, namely greater efficiency of the system, more harmonisation, avoidance of distortion of competition and greater predictability. All these objectives would be at risk without appropriate rules.
The importance of these rules is underpinned by their legal form: a Regulation is the strongest form of EU legislation and its rules are directly applicable in all Member States.
The Auctioning Regulation was adopted by the Commission on 12 November 2018.
How do the auctions work in practice?
The auction format is a single-round, sealed bid, uniform price auction. This is a simple auction format that facilitates participation, including by SMEs and small emitters covered by the ETS Directive.
During a single bidding window of the auction, bidders can place any number of bids, each specifying the number of allowances they would like to buy at a given price. The bidding window is open for at least two hours. Directly following the closure of the bidding window, the auction platform determines and publishes the clearing price at which demand for allowances equals the number of allowances offered for sale in the auction concerned.
Successful bidders are the ones who have placed bids for allowances at or above the clearing price. All successful bidders pay the same price, regardless of the price they specified in their bids.
Articles 7(8), 9 and 32(5) of the Auctioning Regulation define provisions on cancellation of auctions and spreading of the corresponding volumes over subsequent auctions so as to ensure a predictable and smooth repartition of any volumes from cancelled auctions without significant increases of individual auction volumes.
In this respect, should a cancellation occur for an auction which is not consecutive to previous cancellation(s) but already includes adjustments from such cancellation(s), the spreading of the volume cancelled in line with the aforementioned provisions would take place as from the first auction which is not subject to other adjustments due to previous cancellation(s).
What products are auctioned?
The Auctioning Regulation provides for allowances to be auctioned in the form of spot products, which means delivery within a maximum of five working days after the auction. The auctioned product may or may not be a financial instrument in the meaning of the EU regulatory framework for markets in financial instruments. The products auctioned by EEX and ICE are not such financial instruments; exact product specifications are available on the auctioning webpages of EEX and ICE.
Spot products have been chosen for their simplicity and because, unlike futures, they do not lock in the trading of the auctioned allowances to the auction platform(s), which could have a potentially negative impact on competition between trading places in the secondary market.
Who can bid in the auctions?
Auctions are held by auction platforms appointed by national governments but each auction is open to buyers established anywhere in the EU and the EEA-EFTA. The following are eligible to apply for admission to bid in the auctions:
ETS operators and aviation operators, and their parent, subsidiary or affiliate undertakings. Business groupings of operators or aircraft operators acting as an agent on behalf of their members. The concept of "business grouping" requires the existence of a multi-lateral legal relationship between several ETS operators and/or aircraft operators such as a partnership, joint venture or association of such operators and/or aircraft operators. The business grouping must have its own (incorporated or unincorporated) legal identity and statute which clearly indicates that the business grouping is controlled by ETS operators and/or aircraft operators. For bidding in the auctions directly on its own account and acting as an agent on behalf of its members, the business grouping could employ the services of in-house or outside traders who must be natural persons acting as the bidder's representative. Public bodies or state-owned entities that control ETS operators or aviation operators. Investment firms and credit institutions authorised and regulated under EU law. Once admitted, they can bid on their own account. They may also bid on behalf of clients provided that they are authorised to do so by the national competent authority. Such authorisation must be valid with respect to the auctioned products which, as currently auctioned by EEX and ICE, do not constitute a financial instrument under EU legislation for financial markets. Information on the implementation by Member States of the provisions in the Auctioning Regulation concerning the requisite authorisation can be found in this notice. Persons exempt from the authorisation requirements in EU financial law because their trading and investment services activities are only ancillary to their main business (Article 2(1)(i) of Directive 2004/39/EC), but who are authorised under national legislation implementing the rules laid down in the Auctioning Regulation. As is the case for investment firms and credit institutions, they may also bid on behalf of clients provided they are authorised by the national competent authority to do so. Information on the implementation by Member States of these provisions can be found in this notice.
Where investment firms, credit institutions or exempt persons bid on behalf of their clients, they shall ensure that those clients are themselves eligible to apply for admission to bid, i. e. are included in one of the categories above.
See Article 18 of the Auctioning Regulation for the precise wording on the above.
Unauthorised brokers are not eligible to apply for admission to bid, but could play a role in facilitating the formation of business groupings. An interesting and relatively easy business opportunity for a broker might be to form a European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) made up solely of operators and/or aircraft operators. This is a relatively cost-effective means of establishing a business grouping under EU law allowing for cross-border membership. Such an EEIG could then apply to be admitted to bid directly in the auctions and could appoint traders employed by the broker to act as their bidder's representative within the meaning of Article 6(3) of the Auctioning Regulation.
Neither the auctioneer nor the auction platform or its staff may apply for admission to bid.
The auction platform must consider each application for admission in order to prevent auctions being used as a vehicle for money laundering, terrorist financing, criminal activity or market abuse. The auction platform must carry out customer due diligence checks. Complete information on the admission process and criteria can be found on the websites of EEX and ICE.
The Auctioning Regulation thus strikes a balance between the objectives of openness, effective competition and mitigating the risk of money laundering, terrorist financing, criminal activity or market abuse.
How do bidders access the auctions?
Once admitted, bidders are able to access the auctions through the internet. The auction platforms also offer dedicated connections. EEX, furthermore, offers a possibility to submit bids by fax. Complete information on the means of access can be found on the websites of EEX and ICE.
How can SMEs and small emitters access the auctions?
SMEs covered by the EU ETS as well as small emitters can access the auctions directly after going through the due diligence checks. They may also access the auctions through an intermediary or form a business grouping to act as an agent on their behalf. This may offer them the advantage of minimal transaction costs as well as certainty on the price and quantity of allowances they wish to receive.
The design of the auctions has been made as simple as possible to facilitate participation by SMEs. For example, all successful bidders pay the same clearing price so that SMEs and small emitters will not be disadvantaged by having less knowledge than larger participants.
Both EEX and ICE have measures in place to facilitate access for SMEs covered by the EU ETS, as well as for small emitters.
Who is the auctioneer? What is its role?
Each Member State appointed an auctioneer to be able to auction its share of allowances. The auctioneer is responsible for offering the allowances to be auctioned to the auction platform on behalf of the appointing Member State. It also receives the auction proceeds and disburses these proceeds to the appointing Member State.
The auctioneer may be a private or public body. A list of auctioneers can be found under the Documentation tab at the top of this page.
What type of organisation is the auction platform?
The auction platform must be a regulated market authorised under EU financial markets legislation.
Regulated markets have been chosen because they are bound by EU law (the 'Markets in Financial Instruments' Directive and the 'Market Abuse' Directive) to provide a number of safeguards in the conduct of their operations. These safeguards include, among others, arrangements to identify and manage the potential adverse consequences of any conflicts of interest, to identify and manage risks that the market is exposed to, and to have transparent and non-discretionary rules and procedures for fair and orderly trading.
How does the Regulation ensure fair and orderly auctioning?
Fair and orderly auctioning is ensured, firstly, by provisions in the Auctioning Regulation on access to the auctions and on the determination and publication of the auction calendars. The auction platform is obliged to ensure that appropriate ‘know-your-customer’ checks are carried out before it grants admission to any potential bidder.
Secondly, the auction platform must be a regulated market, which ensures that it meets strict standards and will be supervised by the competent national authority for financial markets of the Member State in which it is located.
The Auctioning Regulation includes detailed provisions to mitigate the risk of anti-competitive behaviour. Depending on the product auctioned, the auctions will be covered either by the Market Abuse Directive or by detailed provisions that provide equivalent protection.
Finally, in order to ensure fair treatment of clients, the Auctioning Regulation lays down an authorisation requirement and rules of conduct for intermediaries in case they are not covered by the rules of conduct provided for in the EU Financial legislation. It is, however, optional for Member States to put in place a legal framework for the authorisation of such intermediaries.
More information on carbon market oversight is available on the page 'Ensuring the integrity of the European carbon market'.
Will there be an independent monitor of the auctions? How will it be chosen? What will its role be?
The Auctioning Regulation provides for a single independent auction monitor for all auctions on all auction platforms, to be chosen through a competitive procurement procedure conducted jointly by the Commission and all Member States.
The Auctioning Regulation foresees an integral role for the auction monitor in the oversight of the auctions. Each month, it is to submit a report to Member States and the Commission on all auctions conducted that month. It is to produce a consolidated annual report on the functioning of the auctions, including any evidence of anti-competitive behaviour, market abuse, money laundering, terrorist financing or criminal activity, and the impact of auctioning on the secondary market for allowances. Non-confidential versions of these reports will be published on the Commission's website.
The single auction monitor may also be asked to prepare ad hoc reports on a specific issue relating to auctioning. Furthermore, in light of a suspected breach of the regulation by an auction platform, the single auction monitor must draw up a report stating the nature of the breach, making recommendations to remedy the situation and, if appropriate, recommend the suspension of the auction platform.
Two procurement procedures were launched in 2018 and 2018 respectively, but the contract could not be awarded. The Commission and the Member States are currently assessing their options.
Who will supervise the auctions? How will this be done?
Auctions and auction platforms are supervised at various levels:
supervision of the organisation and conduct of auction platforms; supervision of the organisation and conduct of professional intermediaries bidding on behalf of clients; supervisions of transactions to prevent market abuse; supervision of transactions to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing.
These different layers of supervision are interlinked and complementary.
Authorisation and supervision of an auction platform rests with the competent national authorities of the Member State in which an auction platform is located. The rules that apply to an auction platform's organisation and conduct are those of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) and of the Auctioning Regulation.
Professional intermediaries like investment firms, credit institutions or other persons authorised to bid in EU ETS auctions on behalf of others are also licensed and supervised by the relevant national (typically financial) authorities of the Member State where they are located. When bidding on behalf of clients in the auctions, such intermediaries have to abide by the rules set out in the Auctioning Regulation and/or in Directive 2004/39/EC.
Rules against market abuse, set out in the Auctioning Regulation and in the Market Abuse Directive (2003/6/EC), apply to behaviour and transactions of any bidder in the EU ETS auctions. On-going supervision in this area is primarily left to competent authorities of the Member State where an auction platform is located, but competent authorities of other Member States are also empowered to act and their involvement may be indispensable in cross-border investigations and enforcement.
The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in the Member State where the auction platform is located is the competent national authority for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. It is responsible for supervising the auction platform and must ensure compliance of the auction platform with its obligations under the Auctioning Regulation in relation to customer due diligence, the monitoring and record keeping of the relationship with the bidders, surveillance of the auctions, and related notification requirements. The FIU in the Member State where the auction platform is located cooperates with other FIUs through the FIUs Platform and with the national law enforcement authorities in order to effectively prevent and sanction money laundering and terrorist financing, in accordance with Directive 2005/60/EC.
In addition, once appointed, the auction monitor will monitor and report to Member States and the Commission on the functioning of all auctions on all platforms, on the compliance of the auction processes with the objectives of the ETS Directive and the provisions of the Auctioning Regulation and on any evidence of anti-competitive behaviour or market abuse.
The supervision by the competent authorities and the auction monitor is without prejudice to the obligation on the auction platform to survey the auctions itself.
Who will pay for the auction process and the single auction monitor?
The costs of the auction process, including the costs of setting up the technical infrastructure, the actual conduct of the auctions and carrying out due diligence checks on bidders, will in general be paid for by the bidders through the fixed and variable fees they pay to an auction platform to participate in the auctions.
The costs of the single auction monitor will be deducted from the auction proceeds and will be borne by the Member States.
Is it foreseen to review the Auctioning Regulation in the light of experience?
Yes, the Auctioning Regulation will be reviewed following the annual auctioning report for the year 2018.
The review will be carried out in consultation with Member States and stakeholders. The Commission will put forward any measures deemed necessary to deal with any distortion or malfunctioning of the internal market or the carbon market arising from the arrangements under the Regulation with a view to their entry into force by 31 December 2018.
This does not preclude the findings of a wider, ongoing work stream pursuant to Article 12(1a) of the ETS Directive, which is examining whether the EU ETS allowances market is sufficiently protected from market abuse. This work is also concerned with organising the oversight of the European carbon market and securing the market integrity of auctioning and trading.
Were the opinions of stakeholders considered in the drawing up of the Auctioning Regulation? Has the Commission prepared an impact assessment?
Yes, all information on consultations held and on the Commission's impact assessment can be found on the consultation page.
Do other countries running cap and trade systems also auction allowances?
Yes, several other countries and regions auction allowances under emission trading schemes other than EU ETS, or are considering doing so. Further information can be found in the ICAP report. The annual volumes to be auctioned under the EU ETS are by far the largest, however.
Questions and Answers: Joint procurement of the single auction monitor and the common auction platform.
Where can information on the procurement procedures for the common auction platform or the auction monitor be found?
Contract Notices are always published on Tender Electronic Daily (TED), the electronic version of the supplement S to the Official Journal of the European Union. Full tender documents are made available on DG CLIMA's contracts and grants page.
The Commission has published a notice on the Member States' implementation of the Auctioning Regulation and on transparency measures with regard to the documents relating to the call for tenders. As set out in this notice, the Commission may publish draft tender documents in order to ensure maximum transparency and equal treatment during the procedure. The publication of such drafts does not constitute publication or advertising within the meaning of Article 103(1) of the Financial Regulation nor Articles 123, 124 and 125 of the Rules of Application. Any part of such drafts may be changed; the drafts are not binding on the Commission or the Member States taking part in the joint procurement. Only the notices and associated documents relating to the call for tenders published in the OJ shall be authentic.
The Commission is the sole contact point for candidates and tenderers. An nformation note sets out the rules for contacts with economic operators on matters pertaining to the joint procurement procedures.
The Contract Notice for the first common auction platform was published in OJ 2018/S 59-095297 of 24 March 2018, and the full tender documents are available on DG CLIMA's contracts and grants page.
The Prior Information Notice for the second common auction platform was published in OJ 2018/S 118-208551 of 21 June 2018. The Contract Notice for the second common auction platform was published in OJ 2018/S 211-372946 of 1 November 2018, and tender documents are available on DG CLIMA's contracts and grants page.
Two procurement procedures for a procurement of the auction monitor were launched in 2018 and 2018 respectively, but the contract could not be awarded. More information can be found on the contracts and grants webpage.
What is determined in the joint procurement agreements?
Two joint procurement agreements between the participating Member States and the Commission are in force, one for the procurement of the common auction platform and the other for the auction monitor. The agreements lay down the modalities for the conduct of these procurement procedures jointly by the Member States and the Commission.
Among other things, they provide that:
The Commission arranges the overall orientation, preparation and organisation of the joint procurement procedures; The Commission is the sole representative towards third parties and provides administrative support in the course of the joint procurements and the resulting contracts; The Member States, represented in a Joint Procurement Steering Committee (JPSC), provide steering input. Main decisions, notably the adoption of tender documents and award decisions, require prior approval by the (participating) Member States through qualified majority vote in the JPSC. Opt-out Member States may be given observer status in the procurement of the common auction platform(s) if they sign the Joint Procurement Agreement for the sole purpose of being able to make use of the auction platform(s) appointed pursuant to Article 26(1) and (2) of the Auctioning Regulation, in the absence of any listing of their own auction platform(s) in Annex III of the same Regulation. The Joint Procurement Agreement foresees a Contract Management Committee consisting of representatives from the Commission and the Member States to manage the contracts with the common auction platform(s) and the single auction monitor.
The procurement procedures themselves are conducted pursuant to the procurement rules in the Financial Regulation, which is the legal basis for procurement procedures carried out by the Commission.
Opt-out auction platforms.
What is the procedure for approving opt-out auction platforms?
After determining the details of its intended auction platform through a procurement procedure, a Member State opting out of the common auction platform(s) notifies its plans, including all relevant details, to the Commission. The Commission verifies that the auction platform satisfies the rules of the Auctioning Regulation and the objectives of the ETS Directive, and to determine whether obligations or conditions could be required for ensuring adequate coordination between the different auction platforms.
If the Commission is satisfied that the opt-out platform respects the rules and can be expected to achieve the objectives of the ETS Directive, it puts forward a draft amendment of the Auctioning Regulation to list the opt-out platform in an Annex to the Regulation. The adoption of this amendment follows the same procedure as the adoption of the Auctioning Regulation itself, including an opinion by the Member States represented in the Climate Change Committee, followed by a three-month scrutiny period for the Council and the European Parliament. The opt-out platform can start conducting auctions only when the amendment to list it has entered into force.
Under this procedure, EEX has been listed twice as Germany’s opt-out auction platform and ICE as the UK’s. Poland has yet to procure and notify its platform and is in the meantime auctioning on the common auction platform.
What happens to the allowances in question, in the absence of the listing of an opt-out auction platform?
In the absence of an opt-out auction platform being listed, the Member State concerned has to auction its share of allowances on the common auction platform, so as to ensure that the envisaged volume of allowances comes to the market as foreseen in the Auctioning Regulation. Pursuant to this rule, Poland had entered into a contract with EEX as transitional common auction platform and EEX started auctioning for Poland as of 16 September 2018. The continuation of the auctions for Poland is subject to the conclusion of bilateral arrangements between EEX and Poland.
Can a Member State give preferential treatment to its own industry? How is respect of the principle of non-discrimination ensured?
No, Member States cannot give preferential treatment to their own industry. All auction platforms must give all eligible bidders equal access to auctions and no preference can be given to companies registered in any particular Member State. The provision that any auction platform must be a regulated market helps to ensure that all participants are treated in a fair and non-discriminatory way.
No comments:
Post a Comment